Formatting SDcard in linux (ubuntu) - Click Android Development

Hi...
I've been trying to format my SD card in ubuntu (i wanted to create a goldcard), but i couldn't do it. I know, that if you want to format any media in ubuntu, you first have to unmount it. When i unmount my sdcard, it dissapears. If don't unmount it, i can't format it. I could just pop my phone into a Windows machine... but then i have to rely in microsoft (I've eaten enough of my nerves beacuse of Windows...)
So, if anyone has flashed their phones via linux(and had to create a goldcard), i would appreciate the advice.

To format your SD card on Ubuntu you need to install application called GParted.
Code:
sudo apt-get install gparted
Once you install it you can find it in System>Administration>GParted.
Plug your phone via USB, start GParted and in the top right corner select your SD card.
Then right click on SD card and select Unmount. Right click again an now select Format to>type of file system that you want on your SD card.
Take a look at the picture:

Ahh... GParted... of course. Thank you for reminding me

Related

[HELP]Apps/Data on SD: Switching to new SD card

Is it possible if I installed apps/data on SD card to switch to another card and install apps/data on it? I removed my current card and my phone stopped working. I will take help from anyone who has it.
if you want to, you should be able to copy everything to a backup folder and upload to another sd card. you need to do this in linux cause windows does not natively read ext2 partitions. shut down your phone, remove the micro sd card, put in your computer, copy everything to the backup folder, then re-partition your new (hopefully bigger) micro sd card. put back in the phone and boot it up. i have never tried this, but it should work, just as long as you have the ext2 partition the system can read from. good luck.
I agree fully with corp769. In addition, two important things to remember are:
* ext2 must be the second (primary) partition
* you must preserve UNIX access permissions by copying apps and data directories with cp -rp ! That's the reason apps on SD doesn't work without repartitioning.
* you must use a separate card reader, you cannot do this while the card is plugged into your G1. (Unless you can do some fancy mounting/unmounting stuff on the phone, that is. It's certainly easier and safer to use a card reader).
I too have never tried this, but it should work.
creid2352 said:
Is it possible if I installed apps/data on SD card to switch to another card and install apps/data on it? I removed my current card and my phone stopped working. I will take help from anyone who has it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i did this on linux from a 2G card to a new 8G card .. my partitions are named so i utilize naming to distinguish one partition from the other:
make two folders on your linux desktop .. "SDD1" and "SDD2" .. the FAT32(sdd1) can be click-and-drag to the desktop folder .. the EXT2(sdd2) needs to be run inside Terminal to retain the permissions (unless someone know a better way)
ie: sudo cp -a /media/sdd2/* /home/LucidREM/Desktop/SDD2
then switch cards
ie: sudo cp -a /home/LucidREM/Desktop/SDD2/* /media/sdd2
obviously substitute your name for mine unless you call yourself "LucidREM"
In the exact same process when you have an error nfs :
In linux with the card reader
unmount both vfat and ext2 partitions and type :
fsck -p /dev/yourext2partition.
fsck.vfat -p /dev/yourfatpartition
that's how I manage to recover 2 MicroSD card
If you want to go the GUI route - go grab a copy of the GParted Live distribution. Put that on bootable media (whatever your case may be, USB or CD/DVD) then boot into GParted and use the GUI to copy and paste the partitions over. GParted will do a consistency check and fix any errors in both partitions first, then copy over into the new SD card.
Thanks a lot for the help everyone. I will give this a shot when I get home. Appreciate all the quick responses.
no prob man, just let us know if it works for you or not.
If you don't have linux, is there a program for windows or mac I can use to do this? Thanks
legaleye2005 said:
If you don't have linux, is there a program for windows or mac I can use to do this? Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes download Wubi (which is like Linux in a box, and can be installed in like 10 minutes and ready to use and removed like a normal program) or download Paragon Partition Manager 9 Trial Version, it must be version 9 not 10. I recommend Wubi however, much easier, and who knows, you might fall in love with it like I did.
I tried the LucidREM instructions and it is looping on startup.
Is there a different way to do this?
Simplest Method
Just in case people still want to know how to change SD cards (ext partition and all), which I suspect will happen a lot since the 16GB cards are going to start dropping in price soon, here's the simplest and best way I know how to do it. I have done this a bunch of times without any issues. I've even used this to go from a G1 to a myTouch (with minor compatibility changes, of course). But simply changing/upgrading SD cards is a breeze.
First thing's first. You will need bart.sh which can be found here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=562292. If you are using a myTouch or simply don't want to bother typing commands, use Amon_RA's wonderful recovery menus with bart.sh already built in. The Nexus One version can be found here (http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=611829) but there are links to the recovery menus for the G1, myTouch, Hero, etc. on that page.
You will need to be familiar with how bart.sh works and this is way beyond this post. There is a ton of information on the bart.sh thread. So here are the steps that need to be done.
1) Run bart.sh, either in recovery console or via recovery menu, to backup your entire ext2/3/4 partition (as well as nandroid for simplicity).
2) Back up the fat32 portion of your SD card as you normally would by mounting your SD card to your computer. Make sure that this includes the new bart.sh backup which should be located in the bart folder in the root of you SD card.
3) Partition your new SD card using the method of your choice. Amon_RA's recovery menus have an easy and painless method for this but you can use parted or any other method you choose. If you use your device to partition your new SD card do NOT boot your phone after you partition the card. You will want to finish Step 4 first. Amon_RA's recovery allows you to mount your SD card from recovery to help you complete Step 4 if you do not have a SD card reader.
4) Using Amon_RA's recovery menu or an SD card reader copy the fat32 partition, which includes your bart.sh backup, from your PC to the fat32 partition of your newly partitioned SD card. From the recovery menu, restore your bart.sh backup.
5) Voila. You now have all of your partitions moved to a new SD card.
This process can be simplified into one sentence. Do a bart.sh backup and restore it to the new SD making sure the SD card has the proper partitions and that you don't forget about the fat32 partition. The above is just a list showing the proper order so that you don't lose any data during the process.

putting a ROM on an sd card after linux part.

I just created the required partitions for the hero ROM. How do you install a ROM on the card using windows. Windows does not recognize my card after creating ext/2 and linux swap It is my understanding that windows won't see card after format. Has anyone done this?
Windows should see the Fat32 just fine as long as it is in the order of (1) Fat32 (2) Ext2 (3) linux-swap
My other buddy said he could not get windows to see his card
I'm guessing you either utilized ALL your space on the SDcard for the ext2 partition or you don't have the FAT32 partition as the first one.
According to acronis Fat32 1st ext/2 2nd and linux swap 3rd. Utilitized? My buddy tried it a little bit ago same thing any other ideas?
gtrplr71 said:
I just created the required partitions for the hero ROM. How do you install a ROM on the card using windows. Windows does not recognize my card after creating ext/2 and linux swap It is my understanding that windows won't see card after format. Has anyone done this?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You don't install the ROM on your card
You need to create the partitions in this order
FAT32, EXT2/3/4, Linux-Swap
You have to have an FAT32 partition to store your ROM updates and other files
Put the ROM on your FAT32, rename to update.zip and flash like any other ROM
AFAIK, all the rest of the setup is automatic (You may have to configure swapper to make the swapfile at /system/sd/swapfile.swp
EDIT:
If its not showing up even if you have it partitioned correctly, right click on my computer and click manage (if you have vista/win7)
doubleclick storage and disk management. find your sd card, right click where it has the name, and click change drive letter/name
give it a drive letter and it should show up
If the card is mounted in your phone you could try rebooting then remounting. Maybe try a card reader if you have one? If all partitions are set up there's no logical reason why it wouldn't mount in windows.
I used a card reader to part. using acronis disk director. the software see's it windows does not I went back deleted all part. and widows still does not see it
gtrplr71 said:
I used a card reader to part. using acronis disk director. the software see's it windows does not I went back deleted all part. and widows still does not see it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you try my steps after the edit...... it should fix it i had the same problem....
you are the MAN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
something so simple can reak havok!
gtrplr71 said:
something so simple can reak havok!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ya thats windows for you. I honestly have no idea why does that but its only happened to me when formatting with parted through the terminal in cyans recovery. I find it odd because I thought it was the command line version of Gparted which works fine for me

Copying ext2 from one SD Card to another

Here's what I am looking to accomplish. I wanted a backup sd card just in the event mine goes bad. I ran a search with 'SD Card" in the title and read each thread. Here are my roadblocks.... I installed DiskInternals Linux Reader and although it let me copy the ext3 partition files to my pc, it does not allow me to copy them back to the new card. Partition Manager does not have a 64-bit free version. Installed Ext2 IFS for Windows, however, it refused to see my sd card when mounted. I used RA-dream-v1.5.2 recovery to do a Bart + Ext Backup and verified the ext-backup.tar is on my sd card. I was going to install ADB, however, it doesn't say it works on Windows 7 64-bit. I have already partitioned the new card and have everything copied to the Fat32 partion. How now is the easiest way for me to get the ext-backup.tar untarred to my ext3 partition on the new sd card? Please don't flame me as I have been reading threads since 10 this morning. Thanks for any help!
The best thing I've found for managing the Linux partitions is a GParted Live disc. Just download and burn to a bootable CD. Pop it in and reboot your machine and you're free to do pretty much whatever you want with your SD card partitions without having to worry about Windows getting in the way.
Appreciate it. Gonna try it now. Thank you!
Well, I did as instructed. However, it failed to "Buffer I/O error on device sr0, logical block 57107. Any other way to accomplish what I am looking for?
any possibility that your USB port is flakey? Any way to try it on a differenty machine? I've got one PC that has USB problems and has been known to give similar kinds of error messages.
It seems fine for everything. It's a brand new Dell, only 2 months old. It was kinda freaky when I booted from the cd...lines of text scrolling on my screen for a couple minutes, lol. I was like...this better not be wiping my pc out Then at the end it just died on that error... The one thing I notice in reading threads...people keep giving console commands to do things on the phone using adb, however, I tried and it says adb isn't found... Here is an example. I can't believe there isn't an easy way to do this with so many folks rooted, etc.
----------------------------
best thing to do is this while in recovery, use adb and type
Code:
adb shell mount /system/sd/
adb pull /system/sd/ system_sd_backup
turn off phone, change sd card, go back into recovery, then
Code:
adb shell mount /system/sd/
adb push system_sd_backup /system/sd/
ok so I have copied an EXT from one card to another and this is how you do it. You need to be using RA recovery. Go into your console from recovery and type "bart -e -s EXT" that will create a back up of your EXT in a folder called "bart" on the fat32 partition of your SD card. Plug your phone into your PC and copy the bart folder to the PC. Now take the SD card out of your phone and put in the one that you want to restore the EXT to in. Copy the bart folder from your PC to your new cards fat32 partition. Make sure you partition the new card so that it has an EXT partition on it and then go into the recovery console and type "bart -e -r" it will ask you to select which back up to restore. Input the number for the back up that says "EXT" and restore it.
Joe333x said:
ok so I have copied an EXT from one card to another and this is how you do it. You need to be using RA recovery. Go into your console from recovery and type "bart -e -s EXT" that will create a back up of your EXT in a folder called "bart" on the fat32 partition of your SD card. Plug your phone into your PC and copy the bart folder to the PC. Now take the SD card out of your phone and put in the one that you want to restore the EXT to in. Copy the bart folder from your PC to your new cards fat32 partition. Make sure you partition the new card so that it has an EXT partition on it and then go into the recovery console and type "bart -e -r" it will ask you to select which back up to restore. Input the number for the back up that says "EXT" and restore it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Worked flawlesly! Your help coupled with a PM I received from 'shadowch31' made this seamless. Thanks so much!
I tried to run the BART backup via console, but I keep getting an error message as following:
Storing app data...
tar: empty archive
Error occurred during storing of app data...
tar operation failed.
Do you have enough space on the /sdcard?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have about 4 times more free space on the SD card then my ext-4 partition is. What could be the problem?

[TUT]How to partition your SD card

Since I've read much about this in different threads (people who couldn't find out how to do it), I thought I could share some light on it in a separate thread...
For starters: DO NOT PARTITION YOUR SD CARD WITH ROM MANAGER!!! This will partition your internal memory, and will brick your phone... To get back to stock please follow this thread.
Okay... First off to the linux users out there. There already exists a very nice tutorial on how to partition a SD card in ubuntu(the steps will be very similar in other distros too). For the ones that want to use gParted, theres an live cd here.
For myself, and all the other windows users, read on
1. Get yourself a copy of "Paragon Hard Disk Manager".
2. Install it through it's instructions.
3. Mount your SD card to your computer, and make sure it's recognized.
4a. Probably the fastest way: Go to "my computer", right click on your SD card, click format, choose FAT32 and format your card.
4b. Launch PHDM, and select "format partition", choose your SD card (next), choose FAT32 (next), "Yes, apply" (next) and your card is beeing formated to FAT 32.
Now your going to make the ext2/3/4 partition.
5. Go back to the main menu of PHDM again.
6. Click "create partition", choose your SD card (next), make the new partition size (I picked 1GB for my ext) and pick ext2/3/4 (next), "Yes, apply..."(next) and your card is partitioned and formated to ext2/3/4.
Good luck
Or if you're like me and have a previous phone with Amon_Ra's recovery. Put the SD card that you're using in the Vibrant into the G1 and load into the Recovery and "partition sd card" and all you'll have to do is set up the size of the partitions. It'll take less than a minute to do this. Far more easier and im sure a lot of people from the Vibrant community were upgraders from the G1.
And partitioning your SD card does what exactly?
Novek said:
Since I've read much about this in different threads (people who couldn't find out how to do it), I thought I could share some light on it in a separate thread...
For starters: DO NOT PARTITION YOUR SD CARD WITH ROM MANAGER!!! This will partition your internal memory, and will brick your phone... To get back to stock please follow this thread.
Okay... First off to the linux users out there. There already exists a very nice tutorial on how to partition a SD card in ubuntu(the steps will be very similar in other distros too).
For myself, and all the other windows users, read on
1. Get yourself a copy of "Paragon Hard Disk Manager".
2. Install it through it's instructions.
3. Mount your SD card to your computer, and make sure it's recognized.
4a. Probably the fastest way: Go to "my computer", right click on your SD card, click format, choose FAT32 and format your card.
4b. Launch PHDM, and select "format partition", choose your SD card (next), choose FAT32 (next), "Yes, apply" (next) and your card is beeing formated to FAT 32.
Now your going to make the ext2/3/4 partition.
5. Go back to the main menu of PHDM again.
6. Click "create partition", choose your SD card (next), make the new partition size and pick ext2/3/4 (next), "Yes, apply..."(next) and your card is partitioned and formated to ext2/3/4.
Good luck
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The operation *apply changes* isn't available in demo mode. It cost 49.00?.........
stepinmyworld said:
The operation *apply changes* isn't available in demo mode. It cost 49.00?.........
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Download a gpartd boot cd and use that. Free, open source, easy.
MRCLrider said:
And partitioning your SD card does what exactly?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Allows you to use the data/cache to SD mod to speed up some stuff on the phone. For most of us, it has nearly eliminated the lag.
Novek said:
Since I've read much about this in different threads (people who couldn't find out how to do it), I thought I could share some light on it in a separate thread...
For starters: DO NOT PARTITION YOUR SD CARD WITH ROM MANAGER!!! This will partition your internal memory, and will brick your phone... To get back to stock please follow this thread.
Okay... First off to the linux users out there. There already exists a very nice tutorial on how to partition a SD card in ubuntu(the steps will be very similar in other distros too).
For myself, and all the other windows users, read on
1. Get yourself a copy of "Paragon Hard Disk Manager".
2. Install it through it's instructions.
3. Mount your SD card to your computer, and make sure it's recognized.
4a. Probably the fastest way: Go to "my computer", right click on your SD card, click format, choose FAT32 and format your card.
4b. Launch PHDM, and select "format partition", choose your SD card (next), choose FAT32 (next), "Yes, apply" (next) and your card is beeing formated to FAT 32.
Now your going to make the ext2/3/4 partition.
5. Go back to the main menu of PHDM again.
6. Click "create partition", choose your SD card (next), make the new partition size and pick ext2/3/4 (next), "Yes, apply..."(next) and your card is partitioned and formated to ext2/3/4.
Good luck
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ttabbal said:
Download a gpartd boot cd and use that. Free, open source, easy.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i tried this and its not as easy as you state. The instructions aren't clear either. I have blank CDs, added the file but it also says download something else which wasn't there. Whe you try to open the app from the cd, it doesn't know which program to choose to open it.
Ubuntu comes with a disk utility that is really easy to use.
Sent from my SGH-T959 using XDA App
stepinmyworld said:
i tried this and its not as easy as you state. The instructions aren't clear either. I have blank CDs, added the file but it also says download something else which wasn't there. Whe you try to open the app from the cd, it doesn't know which program to choose to open it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You do know you have to burn it as a CD IMAGE not as a file, right? If you're on Windows, Infrarecord is free and works well. Linux and OSX come with software that can do it. Then you boot from the CD, there isn't a need to open an app, it should launch itself once booted. Then select the SD card and partition. It even formats the partitions for you.
It's not as easy as some, but it's a whole lot easier than fdisk. Free software is generally not going to be as "pretty" as paid stuff. If you want the pretty, pay for Partition Magic, Paragon, whatever, there's a few options out there.
+1 for gparted boot cd
It has saved me several times when I've screwed up my hackintosh installs.
Paragon is saying it cant format my sdcard....
LovellKid said:
Paragon is saying it cant format my sdcard....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you have the paid version or the demo? To format you'll have to have the paid one...
/edit
Updated first post with link to gParted live cd...
Paid version (Thx Utorrent), but so just to clarify, so do I go straight from Fat32--> to Ext4 option? Or do I have to choose ext2, then create another partition (ext3), then ext4?
stepinmyworld said:
i tried this and its not as easy as you state. The instructions aren't clear either. I have blank CDs, added the file but it also says download something else which wasn't there. Whe you try to open the app from the cd, it doesn't know which program to choose to open it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You have to boot this cd once you burn it. Be careful not to partition your PC's hard drive
LovellKid said:
Paid version (Thx Utorrent), but so just to clarify, so do I go straight from Fat32--> to Ext4 option? Or do I have to choose ext2, then create another partition (ext3), then ext4?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can go straight from having the whole SD in FAT32 to partition your card to ext4
Sumner info on how to do this with a mac would be nice. Or even via the command line from a rooted vibrant.
Sent from my Vibrant using the XDA app.
Typos, incorrect words, gibberish, and other nonsense brought to you courtesy of Swype.
Arr MiHardies said:
Sumner info on how to do this with a mac would be nice. Or even via the command line from a rooted vibrant.
Sent from my Vibrant using the XDA app.
Typos, incorrect words, gibberish, and other nonsense brought to you courtesy of Swype.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have no experience with macOSX so I can't help you out there... If someone writes a guide here I'll update the OP, but I believe that you can use gParted Live cd with mac's too...
sjk;ddasmdaljl;akjwmj
i spent the better of the night trying to format my card. sandisk 16gb class 2.
i fire up PHDM after formatting the card through my computer. i keep getting an error message when i go through the create partition wizard saying that my external sd card has four different partitions including an extended one, which doesnt make sense because i just formatted it. ill attach a picture when i wake up.
i then tried to use paragon partition manager. my sd card shows up. yay. i proceed to create two primary partitions: 13.6gb fat32 and 1.5gb ext3. everything goes good. now, when i unmount my sd card, the phone then says that the external sd card is corrupted and that i need to reformat. reformatting takes me back to square one. 14.8gb fat32. i tried letting the phone format the memory card and then use ppm to do just a 1.5gb ext3 and success. it worked. i installed deodexed rom and saw that my boot time was 2-3 min as compared to the general 10-12 min i was reading about. downloaded quadrant and registered a beautiful 897. i also went to go put back all my files onto my memory card and it asks me to reformat the card. square one again.
last resort i used gparted. tried using 13.6gb fat32 and 1.5gb ext3 and gparted gives me an error saying it cannot complete it. i dont remember exactly the error because im not too familiar with linux.
if anyone has any ideas or alternatives that ive missed, please chime in.
EDIT: i tried using two different memory cards and they didnt work as well. there has to be something im either missing or doing wrong. =(
Can't believe none of you guys have a previous Android phone with Amon_Ra installed. It practically makes partitoning a SD card a joke.
Fellow rookie to rookie step by step guide
This is my first Android phone and really my first experience with “programming.” I am using a Windows 7 PC, a rooted phone and a 16GB class 2 external SD card. Here is my step by step guide to partition your external SD card (That is the one that has/had Avatar on it) using free software:
1. Download and install the ISO recorder from alex fineman. Just Google “alex fineman iso recorder.” If you don’t have his program you will not be able to burn ”gparted live” as an image to a CD which is the next step
2. Google “gparted live” and select the sourceforge site. Next select “To install GParted Live on CD, download the .iso file and burn it as an image to a CD.”
3. I tried the most recent stable version but it would not load so I ended up using the most recent “Testing release” which worked on my Windows 7 PC
4. Download the gparted-live-0.6.2-2.zip which will now have an ISO extension since you downloaded and installed the ISO recorder in step 1
5. Open the gparted-live and follow instructions to burn a disc image
6. Connect you phone and enable USB mass storage (I used my work BB rather than the Vibrant in case I messed things up. Others have recommended an old phone)
7. Start your PC with the gparted-live disc in and get ready to hit the “esc” key to get into boot up. Select “boot from cd”, “gparted live default setting”, “don’t touch keymap”, 33 (for English), and “0”. You should now get the gparted-live interface and there should be two devices connected. Your PC and the phone with its external SD card
8. Delete the existing SD card partitions but make double sure you are on the phone and not your PC before you do this. Next, create the primary, fat 32 partition and leave no more than 2 GB of space for the next partition. Create a primary, ext3 partition and select accept to create the new partitions. That is it. Exit gparted and reboot your computer without the disc
I did the repartitioning so I could apply the custom ROM from anomalous3 over in the development section. I would highly recommend his ROM as a next step in your development as the phone is incredibly fast after installing it. As I said, I am a 100% rookie but the phone is now blazing fast (over 1,400 from low 800 on Quadrant. I really have no idea what it means but the difference is fantastic). Best of luck to my fellow rookies/noobs/nbs/newbies

Can anyone running Froyo off the SD Card actually use any leftover space on the SD?

I'm running Froyo off a 4GB SD card. I've followed all of the partitioning instructions and when it's in the nook the nook shows 2.8GB free space on the SD, but I can't seem to actually access it.
When I plug it into the computer via usb, only the 155mb boot partition mounts. When I put the SD card into a card reader on my computer, I can see all the partitions in disk manager but boot is the only one I can actually access.
I think I must be doing something wrong - if there was no benefit to using a larger SD card, nobody would be doing so.
Has anyone actually gotten the last "sd card" partition to mount to their computer?
If not, how can I access it to transfer music and pictures over?
It sounds like you are on Windows. Do you have EASEUS Partition Manager or something similar? What do you see? You should see the last partition, SDcard. To the right should be unused space. Right click on the SDcard partition and expand it to fill the rest of the card and apply the change. If you see something different, describe it here.
To answer your question, I have a 16GB card with Nookie Froyo and have put a ton of PDF files on it as well as some text files. I view them on my NC all the time.
Homer
I got the EASEUS parition manager, and expanded the SD card portion to the rest of the available space.
But I still can't access it! When I plug in the nook to the computer, and turn on USB storage, it mounts the boot drive! Which has the uImage and stuff. I don't understand how the hell to put anything on the SD portion of the sd card.
This is a limitation of Windows, it only mounts the first partition on a flash drive. I use Ubuntu installed via WUBI. It lets me dual boot Windows or Ubuntu. If you have your main drive partitioned so that data is separate, you can mount that partition in Ubuntu. In Ubuntu, when you insert the SDcard, all four partitions pop up. Blame Windows, and then get Ubuntu.
Homer
Short of installing ubuntu on my computer is there no program or something I can use to mount that sd partition?
Sent from my Nexus One using XDA App
ksc6000 said:
Short of installing ubuntu on my computer is there no program or something I can use to mount that sd partition?
Sent from my Nexus One using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Take a look here, don't fear the dark places.
Homer

Categories

Resources