TERRIBLE Problem w/Dropped Calls - Need Help - Xperia Z Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Hey everyone,
I really need your help. I have a serious problem with my Sony Xperia Z 6603. I have spent too much time trying to troubleshoot this on my own so now I need your help and invite any if they have experienced the same. The synopsis:
At times, when utilizing my phone for phone calls, I got repetitive and persistent dropped calls.
Background info:
- City is Winnipeg of Canada
- Fido is my provider (essentially Rogers network)
- I have an LTE micro sim card (although Winnipeg hasn't had LTE rolled out just yet)
- I am rooted ONLY and on .434
- I have mobile network configured as follows:
- I use the LTE APN and select it on when in cities that have LTE
- Fido's website states this about bands:
Specs on the Z are as follows:
Now onto the symptoms....
The dropped calls occur sometimes when I am in a call, other times immediately when trying to dial out. An example would be, I'm driving and currently on a call, suddenly it cuts me off and my attempt to redial just keeps cutting me off from even placing the call. Wait a bit, keep driving, and now I can call again.
This problem happens in certain locations in the city. For instance at home I can be in calls for awhile, but there is this one part of the city for instance (just SW of the airport) and about a 2-3km radius that no matter what I do, placing a call is virtually impossible and yes signal strength appears normal. Also it appears that data is working normally. When I say impossible I will attempt the same call up to 10 times, each and every one dropping, some when 30 seconds into the call, others when immediately trying to dial out.
I also noticed that it also occurs while driving and talking for long periods. In other words, in a call normally and for a lengthy duration while transiting through the city and then suddenly drops perhaps while the phone is switching towers (a thought).
It's really bad. This is becoming impossible to tolerate and embarrassing to my customers and friends I speak with.
I downloaded an app from the play store called 'GSM Signal Monitoring' (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.signalmonitoring.gsmsignalmonitoring&hl=en) to compile more information. Here are some screenshots but don't really know how to interpret the data. I see the db levels appear normal for a signal but not sure why the graphs reflect sudden spikes like that, perhaps my issue? Also notice in the graphs when the color changes for a new line, I believe when transitting from one tower to the next while driving. I was hoping some of you could perhaps try this app and compare what your results look like to mine, especially if you happen to be utilizing this phone in Winnipeg as well. Or if you know already, provide some insight on these results....
Things I have tried in my troubleshooting:
- Rebooting
- Switching DATA off completely (this seemed to provide a fix at times, but not at all times)
- Called FIDO and had them perform a "switch" or "network" reset of my phone on their end
Things to consider:
- The LTE micro sim is fairly new (upgraded it about 2-3 weeks ago)
- There are times when the phone works as it should and calls are placed and held normally (such as from within my home, SE corner of the city) but even near my home, while driving, I've had the calls drop but don't forget this doesn't just happen ONLY when I'm driving/transiting. There are spots where I am situated and can't place any calls without it dropping either shortly after or within 60 seconds of connecting.
I am really hoping that someone out there can help me resolve this issue or at least provide some direction from here. I purchased it from the UK so if it's a hardware issue I will probably have to send it back to the UK for the warranty to be honored.
Thank you for taking the time to read my dilemma!

Have you deleted any system applications?
Have you tried to use,2g only,3g only....
Sent from my C6603 using xda premium

Awhile ago I used "App Quarantine" to quarantine some apps that I wasn't using. Since you brought this up though I had a look again in the quarantine list and also noticed the following 'com.xxxx files in quarantine as well which I never placed in there myself so I have no clue if that's normal or if they are associated with the apps I quarantined \, and no didn't select 2G or 3G ONLY, but I have switched DATA off entirely:

Not sure but could be some of this app is needed by the system,and causing the call drop.
Did you have this issue before rooting?
Best place to start is a stock no rooted firmware.
You can also try deleting fast-dormancy-wakeup.apk .odex
Or try 2g only.
Sent from my C6603 using xda premium

Thanks for the feedback. Just curious what the correlation between using 2G vs 3G would be with phone call reliability? And what is the 'fast-dormancy-wakup.apk .odex you are referring to?
Honestly I think I did have this issue before rooting but very difficult to be certain of this.

So I took everything out of quarantine and no changes. Still dropping calls.
Sent from my C6603 using xda app-developers app

I thought I was the only one in the world having the same problem back then when I first got my phone in march.... But it looks like yours might suffer the same thing as mine did. I live in Alberta.
My friend, when the call drops, does the signal appears to be resetting itself?
What is the longest call time that you ever have on this phone?
When did you get your phone, was it like that when you first got it
Sent from my Sony Xperia Z using xda premium

The feeling is mutual! There are times (or more specifically areas) where my phone behaves normally. In my home I can stay in a call forever. However about 2km away when driving on this particular road, at the same point every time, my call will drop. It does not appear that the signal/network is resetting itself when this happens (ie drops to no signal and comes back). I got my phone when it was released, actually this one is my second, I cracked the screen on my first one within a week. I can't quite recall if I had these issues from the beginning because as stated it happens when I am moving around.
I am now about to try to restore my phone to factory but before I do, I am wondering if I use the backup/restore app included, will I retain all my apps, their data/settings, and all my contacts and texts?
Should I use this app or PC Companion?
Do I need to do anything special or just use PC Companion for a restore to get back to stock settings (including un-rooting).
Thanks

I would suggest you to use the pc companion to repair the Rom. This will wipe all data from your phone just like the factory reset would.
If you did all these and found the phone still behaving like that, I think there might be something wrong with the hardware of the phone, it's highly recommend you return your phone for an exchange.
My first xperia z was like that, even worse I would say. Mine just won't let me call.. I never had the call time more than a minute it cut me off randomly, sometimes right away when the call was established, sometimes it cut me at 2 seconds..
When I got my replacement everything is just fine
Sent from my Sony Xperia Z using xda premium

Ya I figured it out. Just completed the restore with PC Companion. I did use the backup/restore function though to restore my contacts/texts/data/settings etc. Any chance you think by restoring this info the problem could migrate back? I can confirm I am not rooted anymore.
Now will test the phone calls. I will be in those areas where I know for sure my calls would drop, tomorrow. I'll report back. Really hope this works.

It might work. I do think it will solve the problem. Yours wasn't as bad as mine mine just wouldn't let me made any calls and the signal kept reseting whenever I call.
Good luck and will wait for your report.
Sent from my Sony Xperia Z using xda premium

Tomorrow I head to an area where it was virtually 100% dropped calls for me so I will report back how it goes after the restore/unroot.

No changes I'm afraid Still the same behavior. My next move is to take 2 other phones with me now, one being an iPhone 4 and attempting to use in those same areas. I find it very strange behavior on my phone's part and wonder if it's an area issue but these are dense, populated areas.
Frustrated......

Or what you could also try is to borrow a sim card from someone and then test in those areas.
Sent from my Sony Xperia Z using xda premium

I do have a spare sim card with FIDO. I just switched to the LTE card a few weeks ago. I guess I can call them and switch back to the older sim temporarily to see if the issue lies there. I will try the phones first. If I get the same symptoms with other phones, I will then try the sim card.

I have the same problem in about 4minutes my calls drop,doesnt matter were i am, on a side note dough,i use a normal sized simcard and cut it to fit my Z sooooo i guess my sim isnt playing nice with the Z ill get my microsim next week so i will report back and let you know if a completely new updated micro sim with lte enabled and ready is the fix
Sent from my C6603 using xda app-developers app

Thanks for the feedback, in a couple hours I'll be in one of those areas where I experience this and will try my iPhone 4 and then try switching back to an older Fido micro sim. I'll report this afternoon.

So interestingly today my iPhone 4 dropped a call in the same area. It also was having signal issues, cutting in and out, but managing to maintain the call too in various spots. So I'm starting to believe now that this may be a network issue with my provider and the area in question. I find it very odd though that it can be such a large and dense area. There is about a 2 mile stretch of this road where I frequently receive dropped calls. How can that possible in a city?? By the way I also swapped the sim cards when trying all this out.
Does it have anything to do with the fact that it's right on the approach path of a runway at the international airport, or near a military base? Keep in mind that I do occasionally get the dropped calls in other spots in the city as well but this area specifically is terrible.

airbus318 said:
So interestingly today my iPhone 4 dropped a call in the same area. It also was having signal issues, cutting in and out, but managing to maintain the call too in various spots. So I'm starting to believe now that this may be a network issue with my provider and the area in question. I find it very odd though that it can be such a large and dense area. There is about a 2 mile stretch of this road where I frequently receive dropped calls. How can that possible in a city?? By the way I also swapped the sim cards when trying all this out.
Does it have anything to do with the fact that it's right on the approach path of a runway at the international airport, or near a military base? Keep in mind that I do occasionally get the dropped calls in other spots in the city as well but this area specifically is terrible.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Omg...runway...i experienced it aswel when i mentiont it yesterday now i think of it it was along side schiphol airport amsterdam a mayor one,it could be one of the sources of the bug,i think it could be more reasons in the equation like,old sim,no lte sim,thus maybe bad contact with sim,radio interferrence ect.ect.
I gues al those factors in on the call droppin
Sent from my C6603 using xda app-developers app

An update. Perhaps the most intriguing thing I have found so far but not exactly sure what it means.
If I switch my data to GSM only (ie Edge) the phone calls instantly become rock solid. No more dropping. As soon as I switch back to WCDMA mode (3G & HSPA+) the problem comes right back.
Starting to sound more and more like a network issue with the provider. I have relayed this info to my cell provider and they are looking into it and getting back to me.
Anyone else find this?

Related

[Q] galaxy s certain people cant hear me

Just got the new phone and calling all day, there are 2 people that cant hear me at all, but I can hear them just fine. Once it happened in the middle of a call.
Anything that could be causing a conflict? Any fix?
Today, after a week of issuing the phone, one person called me four times in a row and we couldn't hear each other, then I called him back and we had normal conversation. Maybe it its network problem, or something else?
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA App
I dont think so as none of my other friends are having the issue and they all have the same carrier
every call I placed recently, after a few minutes it mutes my end and the other person cant hear me but I can hear them
Im running JM5/JM1/JM3
If the firmware is the case, is there a way to downgrade it? I'd rather wait for Froyo official in my area before messing with it
OK I upgraded everything, the pda,modem, and csc and still the same issue.
I know its the phone as I put my sim in my iphone and it works just fine
I keep getting people calling me and hearing just silence when I don't even hear the ring, it's about every second call like that! When my wife with simple nokia doesn't jane any problems.
I get sms from carrier about someone tried to call that's how I know how many calls I miss.
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA App
I thought it was some conflict with the sms contacts, but I cleared it and still this issue.
This is the second phone I had. If I cant figure out this weekend, I think ill return it and just go to HTC cause this is just ridiculous. Wiping out the firmware and everything and still this issue...
Maybe its THEM, Sister had same problem with her Iphone 4. Turns out it was her callers at fault as their phones didn't support full Duplex calling or was in a congested area where the towers turned on half duplex calling mode. Theres simply nothing to be done unless you go and pay for a new cell tower
ickyboo said:
Maybe its THEM, Sister had same problem with her Iphone 4. Turns out it was her callers at fault as their phones didn't support full Duplex calling or was in a congested area where the towers turned on half duplex calling mode. Theres simply nothing to be done unless you go and pay for a new cell tower
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
cant be that
iphone 4 works just fine, pop the sim back to the galaxy s and it has the issue.
different towers (as I was out of town last night) and same issue and calling people in other cities..
and its only if I call them. If they call me, it's just fine
Buggy firmware or faulty phone.
Maddmatt said:
Buggy firmware or faulty phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
cant be the firmware as it was the same with the old one.
faulty phone possible, but since I flashed it, how could I still get it repaired on warranty?
jason8612 said:
faulty phone possible, but since I flashed it, how could I still get it repaired on warranty?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Flash it back to the original firmware, you may need to use Odin and search samfirmware.com for the original one.
Maddmatt said:
Flash it back to the original firmware, you may need to use Odin and search samfirmware.com for the original one.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ill see, but I dont think they have my operator one.
I don't know if this is me or really I found the hardware bag but I noticed that all signal loses occur when my phone sits in my pocket face outward way. Also when I keep it in right palm at the bottom part of the device, I see signal drops by two three bars, look like there is antenna placement problem, or the device was designed for left handed user.
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA App
I dont know.
I think Ill return the phone tomorrow or send it for service. I had the provider check, and there are no cell tower issues, so it is my phone and it's only to one or 2 people I frequently call.
My provider firmware isnt on the website.
Is there a way to downgrade to one where Kies can automatically install a new one?
OK so I've been playing a game with the service center.
First attempt - sent it off for service with explanation. They put a new firmware on and thats it.
I tested it at the shop, and same issue.
Sent it back - attempt 2.
They ran some tests and didn't find anything wrong with it. Got it back yesterday and used it for about a hr before the same problems came back.
I sent it off again to a different service center. Hopefully they will find out whats wrong.
I still have the issue where the other party with either not hear me (every so often) or after a minute it will do it.
I don't know what to do. The service center claims theres no issue, but I do have the issue. I can't return it as here in Poland there is no buyer protection.
Do I have any recourse? Is there a way to brick it where they need to send me a new phone? is there any hope left for the phone besides a new paperweight?
Oh and it isn't because I don't know how to hold a phone. This happens when I'm using bluetooth and never touch the phone to answer the call

No service after dropped call

I have the Bell i9000M unlocked and used with Rogers SIM. Nothing else has been done to the phone besides installing apps (got the sd corruption on my first i9000m after using Odin and didn't want to go through that again).
Haven't had any problems for over two months but in the past week, I have dropped calls and could no longer make calls again until I restarted the phone. I have dropped calls before (there's always a couple of areas on my drive home where I drop calls using any phone) and have always recovered. But just this past week, I can no longer make or receive calls after a dropped call.
Sometimes the status bar shows the blue circle with a slash, but that changes to white bars. But even with bars I can't make or receive calls. When I check *#0011# it doesn't show that I'm attached to a network.
I can go to an area with strong signal and leave the phone for hours but still cannot make calls. The only solution for me is to restart the phone.
Anybody have this problem and know how to fix it? I've been searching for days but haven't seen a solution.
Thanks,
yvrRome
Sent from my GT-I9000M using XDA App
I had the exact same problem on my first 2 I9000M's. The only thing I ever found was to replace them. It was annoying as hell and made the phone impossible to use sending or receiving calls. the second one was JH2 with the 3BR fix. Texting was perfect as was the internet (3g).
I searched and searched as well. But I was talking with a bell guy about it and he said it may have to do with an IMEI issue they have a master ticket open 3449667. I know you are on rogers now, but hope that helps in some way.
Thanks, it is very frustrating and dangerous since I'm usually driving when this happens. Unfortunately my 60 days are up and I can't get a replacement. There must be a way to fix it since it was working before. Maybe a SIM issue? I'll keep searching and hoping and if nothing, then I'll do a reset before sending for repair.
Sent from my GT-I9000M using XDA App
Just to update, I got a new SIM card and I don't have the problem anymore.

[Q] Can Anyone Reliably Make and Receive Calls?

I recently switched from an iPhone 5 to the One Dev Edition. After having some signal issues, I went to AT&T, got a microSIM, they switched me an Android data plan, etc. But I'm still having an issue where I can't reliably send and receive calls, especially from my desk at work. I can dial the number and hit Call but that's it. No ringing, nothing. Just dead air, then the "call" ends. If the call does go through, I can hear the other person but they can't hear me. Same thing when receiving a call. I'll hear them but they can't hear me. Sometimes my phone won't ring and it just rolls to voice mail. I can see the signal switching from LTE to H, etc, and I have practically full bar strength. I just don't understand why the calls aren't going through.
Is this an issue with the phone itself? Something with AT&T? Is there a newer radio firmware I can try flashing? I didn't have any issues with the iPhone 5, and I even had my coworker put his iPhone into field test mode so we could compare the numeric signal and they're about even, though the iPhone usually does have a slightly better db signal. I really like the One but not being able to send or receive calls while at my desk is a deal breaker.
Thanks!
From the sounds of it, you are running the stock firmware still? Any root or other possible modifications? If you answered Yes then no to those questions, I would head back to the AT&T store and have them try it out, if anything they should be able to take your SIM card and put it into another Android device and see what happens.
What about text/data, do those work?
You said mainly at your desk you notice this issue, so does that mean it happens at other places as well, same symptoms (full bars, allows to send call then nothing?) You may just be the lucky contestant with a defunct unit, HTC should be able to help you out.
I would suggest first going to AT&T store, try out their suggestions, then if anything give HTC a call/email to see if they can be of any help. At this point I would stay away from flashing custom radios as they may void your warranty then you will really be up $hit creek.
Sounds like att.
I had this problem with tmobile once. The signal wasn't strong enough and it wouldn't call.
Some please are spotty.
Something is wrong with your phone. That should be obvious. Of course the vast majority of people who got this phone can reliably make and receive calls or it would be the biggest mobile phone bust in history.
Sorry to be blunt but you already know it's not the signal so it has to be a defect in the phone.
Thanks for the suggestions. This is the stock Dev Edition ROM. I haven't made any changes other other than just installing apps.
I haven't made a lot of calls but I don't seem to have an issue any where else.
No issues with LTE. Data has been fine.
I wasn't sure if AT&T would assist since this is the Dev Edition but that's worth a shot to have them run some tests on it. Otherwise I'll try to get a replacement (or refund) from HTC.
Thanks!
Sent from my HTC One using xda premium

Problem with signal

Hey guys, i have a problem with my signal, sometimes it passes from full signal to 2g, even though I'm in a full 3g covered area, and i lose connection in skype every few minutes while I'm on a video call.
I didn't have the problems before, that started today, i tried to re flash the Rom, hasn't solved it, my only concern that yesterday i have tried to charge the phone with the pogo pins, but instead of putting the - on the - and the + on the +, i have put it the wrong way, and the phone had shutdown, and then nothing happened, just that stupid and annoying problem!!!
is it have something to do with that? how can i fix it???
[email protected] said:
Hey guys, i have a problem with my signal, sometimes it passes from full signal to 2g, even though I'm in a full 3g covered area, and i lose connection in skype every few minutes while I'm on a video call.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm on O2 UK, this phone probably has the worst signal i've ever experienced. It'll regularly go from 4 bars to "x" (no signal) on and off all through the day, or it will say it has a full signal and my friends tell me they've been trying to call me all day & have sent me texts.
It's got to the point where I'm looking at selling the phone now, as it's fast becoming no use to me. It's not the network, I can sit next to a friend also on O2 UK with an iPhone and they can stream a youtube video, I can't even make an outgoing phone call (just goes BEEP BEEP BEEP and hangs up).
Shame, I love the features of the phone, but its useless if i cant receive phone calls or texts on it.
Its about 2 months old, never been rooted has all updates applied that have appeared (14.1.G.2.257 at the moment) and has had the awful signal problems since day one. If i knew it was going to be so bad I would have returned it, but left it too late (14 day return period)
Never happened at the moment.
Poor Signal
I am also having poor signal problems maybe someone could help with setting ideas??????????
micropizza said:
I'm on O2 UK, this phone probably has the worst signal i've ever experienced. It'll regularly go from 4 bars to "x" (no signal) on and off all through the day, or it will say it has a full signal and my friends tell me they've been trying to call me all day & have sent me texts.
It's got to the point where I'm looking at selling the phone now, as it's fast becoming no use to me. It's not the network, I can sit next to a friend also on O2 UK with an iPhone and they can stream a youtube video, I can't even make an outgoing phone call (just goes BEEP BEEP BEEP and hangs up).
Shame, I love the features of the phone, but its useless if i cant receive phone calls or texts on it.
Its about 2 months old, never been rooted has all updates applied that have appeared (14.1.G.2.257 at the moment) and has had the awful signal problems since day one. If i knew it was going to be so bad I would have returned it, but left it too late (14 day return period)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The signal fluctuation is most likely related to the aluminum sides(a reason why T-Mobile went with plastic).
Sent from my C6903 using Tapatalk

[Q] Dropped Calls

In the last few days I've had at least one dropped call per day on my S6. It doesn't make any difference if my recipient is on a cellphone or landline nor does it matter if I'm in the car on bluetooth or using the handset elsewhere. I did some searches and found others having the same problem, not so much with AT&T (mine) as opposed to Verizon and T-Mobile. Some say a factory reset cured the problem, but I hate to do it unless I have to. Just curious how others on AT&T are faring. My previous S4 never dropped any calls nor did my HTC M7 so I'm thinking it's not a network issue, but something in the phone itself.
I've never had a dropped call in the month I've had the device. I had my chubby cheek hang up on my mom once last week, but that's as close as it gets. My area gets pretty good coverage for att and tmobile though. I've yet to drop a call since joining at&t
My Black Galaxy S6 Edge 64gb module was dropping calls like crazy, and was still within my exchange period so I switched it out. Haven't had any dropped calls since.
Call and connection quality have been stellar for me. Only dropped calls I've had are when going through known dead spots.
Looks like the factory reset fixed it for me so all is good now.
rmc69 said:
Looks like the factory reset fixed it for me so all is good now.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have you had any dropped calls since your last post here? I'm having dropped calls often. I don't think a factory reset will help me because I wiped all data before flashing the rom I'm running. I may try a factory reset from within the settings menu if you haven't had any dropped calls since the 15th.
I've only had a couple dropped calls since then, but my problem now is that sometimes the other caller can't hear me, specially when I'm driving and on bluetooth through the car audio. It can't be the other caller because they were on a stationary, land-line phone. I checked out my mic by making a voice recording so the mic is fine. I just tried unchecking "Enable HD LTE Services" and I'll see what that does and report back. If it were not for the very nice camera, the annoyance of the dropped and muted calls plus the bad battery life would be enough to make me switch this phone. It's got to be a device-specific bug. My HTC M9 is running Android 5.0.2 and is rock solid and never dropped a call. Same with my LG G3. I would send in my S6 for repair, but I'm not sure what they would do. Not only would I get a refurb back, but it might do the same thing. If you've been following the threads, you might have seen that Sprint had to push a special update for it's S6 customers to fix dropped calls. Verizon customers are also having it bad (I'm on AT&T). It can't be all network issues though as like I said, my other devices including an LG G3 have never dropped a call.
Thanks for the response rmc69. I did uncheck the HD lte and it did not help me at all. Let me know if you have a different result. Thank you
The Sprint S6 and S6 Edge have the same problem. I have to turn off the LTE radio all together to have a usable phone. I couldn't send/receive text, I had dropped calls and a very poor signal. Once I turned the LTE radio off, all those problems went away. I realize this is not a fix but it's a workable bandaid for those that are having problems. Good luck to you guys.
Turning off lte did not work for me.
Robert, how did you turn off LTE? By going into the testing mode and changing it from there? Or were you simply referring to unchecking Enhanced LTE Services?
I think I figured it out from this thread, at least for AT&T
http://forums.androidcentral.com/samsung-galaxy-s6/518691-any-way-turn-off-lte-data-galaxy-s6-t-version.html
rmc69 said:
I think I figured it out from this thread, at least for AT&T
http://forums.androidcentral.com/sa...ay-turn-off-lte-data-galaxy-s6-t-version.html
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried that, it did not work for me.
Sorry turning off LTE still didn't help. I guess the only alternatives now would be to wait for 5.1.1 and see what it fixes, or you may just consider asking for a replacement.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SM-G920A using Tapatalk
rmc69 said:
Sorry turning off LTE still didn't help. I guess the only alternatives now would be to wait for 5.1.1 and see what it fixes, or you may just consider asking for a replacement.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SM-G920A using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah that is what I'm afraid of. Every time I go to the at&t store it's a big hassle. Hopefully an update will fix our problems.
@rmc69, is your phone rooted and running a custom rom?
No; pure stock. It's also a 64 GB model. I'm wondering if there is a difference that could affect reception, i.e., is the antenna placement exactly the same. I changed my band to GSM Auto last night removing LTE and so far, I haven't had any dropped calls, but it's too early to tell. The biggest problem I'm having is that sometimes callers cannot hear me, especially in the car using bluetooth.
I am rooted running DennisRom. Yesterday I did a factory reset via the stock recovery and made 4 calls and did not have 1 drop. I'll see how it goes for a few days and report back.
Great! That's encouraging.
Bad news, I just called my wife and the call dropped before she could answer her phone. I think I may give up and get a different phone. I'm loosing hope.

Categories

Resources