Database Develop

[TIPS] Nexus 7 Lower Your Screen Power Consumption

Hello guys I wrote a guide that will help you improve your battery life because screen is the most thing that uses battery, here is a solution for all that, don't forget that the screen sensor for auto brightness is also taking lot of power.
enjoy
The first app is useful for Galaxy Nexus only.
The second application is useful for both.
"The downside is that an IPS-LCD may consume more power than a TFT-LCD."
http://nexus-hacks.blogspot.com/2012/08/increase-nexus-battery-life-by.html

The N7 has a backlit IPS screen, how would adding a filter to make the screen darker save any power? An an amoled screen sure, although I never noticed much power savings with my Epic 4G.

Toast95135 said:
The N7 has a backlit IPS screen, how would adding a filter to make the screen darker save any power? An an amoled screen sure, although I never noticed much power savings with my Epic 4G.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The filter dims the screen because the Amoled is too bright even with lowest brightness, and the filter darken that's right but that also means lower brightness from lamps, the filter is different then lowering the brightness on system.

Toast95135 said:
The N7 has a backlit IPS screen, how would adding a filter to make the screen darker save any power? An an amoled screen sure, although I never noticed much power savings with my Epic 4G.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk 2

wissamidrissi said:
The filter dims the screen because the Amoled is too bright even with lowest brightness, and the filter darken that's right but that also means lower brightness from lamps, the filter is different then lowering the brightness on system.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Doesn't matter, the leds are still outputting the same amount of energy, you're just making the screen darker. Easier on your eyes maybe, not the battery.
Sent from my paranoid Nexus 7.

the N7 doesn't have an amoled screen.
and it doesn't have amoled backlight either.....

redmonke255 said:
Doesn't matter, the leds are still outputting the same amount of energy, you're just making the screen darker. Easier on your eyes maybe, not the battery.
Sent from my paranoid Nexus 7.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are right, read up I fixed the post.

No no no just no. Again this NOT a amoled screen. Blacks do not shut the pixels off. Its backlit LCD. The the light is always on when the screen is on. Hell it takes more enegery for a LCD to produce blacks over whites.

albundy2010 said:
No no no just no. Again this NOT a amoled screen. Blacks do not shut the pixels off. Its backlit LCD. The the light is always on when the screen is on. Hell it takes more enegery for a LCD to produce blacks over whites.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Read again, I said the second app is useful which is auto brightness.

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nnevod.loggraph&feature=search_result
This app lets you setup autobrightness based on light sensor values. Gives you the option of using a filter or actual backlight levels. Can let you use level lower than android normally allows.

Why would you need to save battery? The battery life is amazing
Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk 2

hecksagon said:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nnevod.loggraph&feature=search_result
This app lets you setup autobrightness based on light sensor values. Gives you the option of using a filter or actual backlight levels. Can let you use level lower than android normally allows.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Does it really work and save more battery juice?

+1

Replacing auto brightness with a manual alternative that's properly managed will save some battery. Check out display brightness by BigRubberPepper.
It will allow an invisible or barely visible and customizable widget to put a slider st the very edge of the screen wherever you so choose to control the brightness in 1% increments.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using xda premium

But running that widget all the time in the background might consume same, if not more battery life and negate any additional advantage?
Sent from my Nexus 7 using xda app-developers app

Elixir Widgets
I'm using Elixir 2 Widgets for system status reporting and options like when to run GPS/BT/autorotate, in fact I have 32 small panel items up in one widget on one of my screens. On my primary page I also have a 1x1 widget for brightness set to 8%, 23%, 65% for the primary environments i am in.
I've never seen the widget using as much as 1% of my battery life (Ran battery dry over 2d and just short of 7h screen time, almost the entire 2d had it hooked up running Google play to my computer speakers)
I'd say that using a homepage, 1touch widget has had a big part in this. Even compared to https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nnevod.loggraph&feature=search_result which really took a while to register the change in light (as much as 45 seconds in some cases) and would reduce screen brightness in bright enviornments when my head was between light source and Nexus.

The screen filter app, while small in size (57kb) and minimal memory footprint (8.5MB), does affect the screen smoothness. Transitions between screens, menus and other settings seemed affected.
Will try it out for a couple of days and post any additional impressions.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk 2

none of these actually lower your brightness MORE than the minimum. And screen filters are just a black overlay that goes transparent to fake dimming.

dilldoe said:
none of these actually lower your brightness MORE than the minimum. And screen filters are just a black overlay that goes transparent to fake dimming.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Great job digging up this useless year old thread. Can you bury it when you're done?

khaytsus said:
Great job digging up this useless year old thread. Can you bury it when you're done?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Or we could play "keep the thread alive"

Burn in? Life span of p-oled always on?

I just got the amazing lg g watch r. Very satisfied with it. I am just trying some watch faces and i found this great one for example:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.ddroid.aw.watchface.rf03
Very happy with it but I wonder....
How real is the danger for screen burn ins? This watch face has for example a green background in ambient mode. I keep the brightness as low as possible, but still readable (great thing of this watchface is that you can set the brightness of ambient and active mode as low or as high as you want) but still the oled screen will always be green..
Is this healthy for this kind of screen? Of course I can turn off the green background and have it black and white in ambient mode, but I like the effect of the screen being dimmed and going to brighter green when twisting my wrist.
But I don't want the screen to go to waste already after a while... anybody have a theory?

What is ambient mode? people keep mentioning it. This watch has no light sensor.

seepage said:
What is ambient mode? people keep mentioning it. This watch has no light sensor.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I mean the standby mode with dimmed screen. Not screen off.....
Sent from my SM-N910C using XDA Free mobile app

If you want to use the "always on" feature w/o worries, green is the colour you want.
Greem OLED compund has 3 chracteristics that makes it the best choice:
- most visible light from the whole spectrum (for the human eye, that is): this mean you need a very low brighness level in order to see it (power and burn-in safe)
- the most power efficient sub-pixel (1.5 times as economic as red and 2.5 to 3 times ore econmic than blue).
- the most resilient (lowest degradation over time, twice compared to red and 4 times compared to blue).
So, if you like always-on display and you wnat the most out of your watch, green is the choice for AMOLED screens.
**** note: the numbers above are a synthesis from specialised web-sites as well as from my own measurements with OLED screens (Samsung models at least). ****

well, green is the "best" color to display on OLED screens - but black (=pixels are off) would be way better regarding burn-in and battery
It seems that the watchface you linked has a black mode with green font as well - use that one in ambient mode and you should be good

2k4ever said:
well, green is the "best" color to display on OLED screens - but black (=pixels are off) would be way better regarding burn-in and battery
It seems that the watchface you linked has a black mode with green font as well - use that one in ambient mode and you should be good
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, this seems the safest option to me too. But the effect is not as nice of course when the screen becomes active. Colors get inverted when the screens goes bright. The effect is cooler when the dimmed green background goes bright, like you turn on the backlight
But I'll stick with the safe option for now, I just don't trust it
Sent from my SM-N910C using XDA Free mobile app

I thought blue was the easiest to see, hence its used on police cars and ambulances.

Bring up Google now and ask this: "OK Google, what is the most visible colour to the human eye?"
See what it will answer and post here
// sent from my phone //

ro_explorer said:
Bring up Google now and ask this: "OK Google, what is the most visible colour to the human eye?"
See what it will answer and post here
// sent from my phone //
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yellow

I was actually curious to see if anyone will search ... GJ.
What is yellow made of in RGB world (AMOLED is RGB)? : RED + GREEN.
What is closer to yellow (in terms of wavelenght), red or green? : GREEN ...
That why, the most visible pure colour of the RGB matrix is green ... which happens to be the most economical one to use. Double win

Sure would be nice if it had a proximity sensor, so it could turn off the screen when inside my sleeve. I figure that would pretty much solve the problem for me.

That would definitely be a plus ... but the question is: where to place such a sensor w/o breaking the design? Moto 360 solution is not on everyone's liking.

glenner05 said:
I just got the amazing lg g watch r. Very satisfied with it. I am just trying some watch faces and i found this great one for example:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.ddroid.aw.watchface.rf03
..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I was liking this watch face, till I purchased and realized it has everything except the "current" temperature...
Where does gray fall on the color burn in scale?
Sent from my HTC One using Tapatalk

Non-uniform intensity across screen at low-brightness settings?

Hi,
Has anyone notciced un-even brightness across the screen at low light levels (for darker colors)? I thought it was just the nature of these OLED screens, but I don't see this with Galaxy Phone with similar display type, so I'm wondering if I just have a defective unit with bad display.
To test it:
- Do this at night (when ambient light is fairly low).
- Lower brightness down to the lowest setting (turn off auto-brightness)
- Open Chrome browser, and close all tabs, so that you get a blank dark screen with just the "+" icon. This leaves a dark gray background, just enough to notice if there is any uneveness in brightness.
On my unit, I see about 3-4 inches of bands/streaks of darker areas at bottom half of the screen. If I rotate the tablet, the darker areas stay in their physical location (so these bands become vertical instead of horizontal), so I know it's not a software issue.
I have a couple of weeks left before I need to decide on whether to exchange the tab, so would appreciate if anyone can help me verify if this is normal thing with these screens.
Many thanks, Tony.

tonyc1 said:
Hi,
Has anyone notciced un-even brightness across the screen at low light levels (for darker colors)? I thought it was just the nature of these OLED screens, but I don't see this with Galaxy Phone with similar display type, so I'm wondering if I just have a defective unit with bad display.
To test it:
- Do this at night (when ambient light is fairly low).
- Lower brightness down to the lowest setting (turn off auto-brightness)
- Open Chrome browser, and close all tabs, so that you get a blank dark screen with just the "+" icon. This leaves a dark gray background, just enough to notice if there is any uneveness in brightness.
On my unit, I see about 3-4 inches of bands/streaks of darker areas at bottom half of the screen. If I rotate the tablet, the darker areas stay in their physical location (so these bands become vertical instead of horizontal), so I know it's not a software issue.
I have a couple of weeks left before I need to decide on whether to exchange the tab, so would appreciate if anyone can help me verify if this is normal thing with these screens.
Many thanks, Tony.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have notice a similar thing, mostly on gray - dark gray backgrounds, and not necessarily at lowest brightness (low enough though). I wanted to check about it on a couple of devices on display at retail stores but it's hard to test there.
Sent from my SM-T815 using Tapatalk

Hi tonyc1,
Having had 4 of these I can confirm that this unevenness is normal on the 9.7" screen but was not present on the 8" model.
I went through 4 to get one that was reasonably even, 2 of them were pretty awful to the point that the greyscale was all over the place.
The unit I settled on has a slightly darker band in the middle of the screen and a slight darkening at the very top.
I owned the original tab s 10.5 and have to say the screen on that was more even and detailed, I prefer the former factor and speed of this S2 but the screen is a step backwards.
Hope this info helps.
Cheers

Thanks for the notes and confirming this is a somewhat common issue. I guess I will live with it for now..

Question Avoid keyboard burn-in

Hello all, my past 3 AMOLED phones have been facing burn-in where the keyboard is displayed as I tend to chat a lot! Can anyone give me an option to avoid it? Please don't troll and say use less keyboard!

Might help if you keep the brightness on the lower side, other than that seems like catch22

Also choose a darker theme for the keyboard.

Maddmatt said:
Also choose a darker theme for the keyboard.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's why it kept happening for me... The I turn it to light mode and then the burn in goes away!

Dark mode will help reduce it, but I leave my phone set to auto switch light and dark mode based on sunrise and sunset, this way whatever app I'm using also switches, so the light and dark apps, flip button colours as well so anything white on a black screen also becomes black on a white screen so it helps reverse any burnin in that sense too.
For example, texting apps usually also have white icons at the top which can burn in with dark mode, so if you switch to light mode, the same icons are now black on a white screen, so the screen burns but the icons don't, so it all slowly burns in together and nothing becomes noticeable.
Been doing this after getting burnin on my S10+ using only darkmode and light icons left burnin. And then on my S20 Ultra I did the flipping light and dark mode and never had issues but I also had the full screen settings to hide the pinhole camera so it made the entire top black, and then One UI 3.0 came out and they removed that option so now you can't hide the pinhole camera and I had a burnin bar across the top from where it was black lol.
Now on my S21 Ultra I have the light and dark mode set to flip at sun rise and sun set, and I can't hide the pin hole so maybe third phone is the charm here and I won't have any burnin at all this time haha.
Hope this helps.

There is no burn in with AMOLEDs; they have a finite lifespan and get dimmer as they age before finally failing after many 10's of thousands hours.
Don't over drive them by using them at maximum or near maximum levels.
High energy blue pixels are the most susceptible to damage, red the least because of its longer wavelength.
Use manual brightness control. Avoid going much over 50%.
Using full brightness reduces pixel lifespan as probably does high temperatures ie direct sunlight.
Limit usage at full brightness by the second*.
Using manual control ensures you're aware of it and keeps the phone from auto jacking it up on you when not really needed.
Turn it down in low light; don't burn out your retina's as they aren't replaceable.
Use dark mode whenever possible. Use dark or black wallpaper. You Good Lock to get rid of the stutus bar icons; simply use the pull down notification screen.
My 10+ gets heavy usage every day with a lot of keyboard time. At 15+ months there is no discernible weakness or dead pixels of any color at any brightness level.
*this is especially important with static images

bANONYMOUS said:
Dark mode will help reduce it, but I leave my phone set to auto switch light and dark mode based on sunrise and sunset, this way whatever app I'm using also switches, so the light and dark apps, flip button colours as well so anything white on a black screen also becomes black on a white screen so it helps reverse any burnin in that sense too.
For example, texting apps usually also have white icons at the top which can burn in with dark mode, so if you switch to light mode, the same icons are now black on a white screen, so the screen burns but the icons don't, so it all slowly burns in together and nothing becomes noticeable.
Been doing this after getting burnin on my S10+ using only darkmode and light icons left burnin. And then on my S20 Ultra I did the flipping light and dark mode and never had issues but I also had the full screen settings to hide the pinhole camera so it made the entire top black, and then One UI 3.0 came out and they removed that option so now you can't hide the pinhole camera and I had a burnin bar across the top from where it was black lol.
Now on my S21 Ultra I have the light and dark mode set to flip at sun rise and sun set, and I can't hide the pin hole so maybe third phone is the charm here and I won't have any burnin at all this time haha.
Hope this helps.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
you say you had burn in from keeping a black bar in the area where the pinhole was?
that doesnt make any sense. If it was black those pixels were off and there wouldnt be any burn in
ಠ_ಠ

Get Gboard, And change it to a dark skin, I've never had any problems

sesnut said:
If it was black those pixels were off and there wouldnt be any burn in
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Reverse burn in, the screen area being used has a yellowish tone to it from being worn in over time, no matter how long the display is on, it's always burning in and the colour always adjusts over time from the burn in, it's the image retention burn in that people talk about, but the entire screen is always burning the entire time it's used. So by never using the top area the pixels are fresh and have a cooler tone to them than the rest of the screen as a result of this.

VICosPhi said:
Might help if you keep the brightness on the lower side, other than that seems like catch22
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Indeed. And to add, perhaps occasionally change from white to black keyboard to even things out.

This is a good one. Says something about fast charging and not showing this message again. Guess they forgot to check don’t show again.

No offence but:
Pay 1.2K for phone after you see super HDR, huge brightness etc. and then limit everything to minimum? Seriously?
If I see them, I will ask EE(my phone provider) to replace it. I had same issue with OP 7 Pro, screen burn ins, they have replaced phone.

joloxx9joloxx9 said:
No offence but:
Pay 1.2K for phone after you see super HDR, huge brightness etc. and then limit everything to minimum? Seriously?
If I see them, I will ask EE(my phone provider) to replace it. I had same issue with OP 7 Pro, screen burn ins, they have replaced phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Some countries like the UK have better consumer laws than others.

Sukrith said:
Hello all, my past 3 AMOLED phones have been facing burn-in where the keyboard is displayed as I tend to chat a lot! Can anyone give me an option to avoid it? Please don't troll and say use less keyboard!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
From normal use there will be no burnin. However, if you keep your display on showing the keboard all the time it will burn in. Also pixels start to burn in once they are on

kpwnApps said:
From normal use there will be no burnin. However, if you keep your display on showing the keboard all the time it will burn in. Also pixels start to burn in once they are on
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Mate - I had burn ins on my screen from things like clock etc, you cannot get rid of them, and it is a design flown, as long there is nothing in instruction etc.

joloxx9joloxx9 said:
Mate - I had burn ins on my screen from things like clock etc, you cannot get rid of them, and it is a design flown, as long there is nothing in instruction etc.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Samsung shifts the AOD clock to help prevent this. However I use only tap on AOD now.
Perps know the deal, organic LEDs have a finite lifespan. Yeah you can drive your car as fast as it will go but you probably don't because you know it wouldn't last very long.
You wonder why the price tag keeps going up?
Freebies are never free.
Using in direct sunlight or at 80+% is just asking for it. In most cases completely avoidable. One can at least limit the time of use at full brightness and not have a homescreen that looks like a Vegas billboard.

blackhawk said:
Samsung shifts the AOD clock to help prevent this. However I use only tap on AOD now.
Perps know the deal, organic LEDs have a finite lifespan. Yeah you can drive your car as fast as it will go but you probably don't because you know it wouldn't last very long.
You wonder why the price tag keeps going up?
Freebies are never free.
Using in direct sunlight or at 80+% is just asking for it. In most cases completely avoidable. One can at least limit the time of use at full brightness and not have a homescreen that looks like a Vegas billboard.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So they should not sell them in countries like Spain etc as there is too much sun

joloxx9joloxx9 said:
So they should not sell them in countries like Spain etc as there is too much sun
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I live in Texas desert, the sun here is intense.
It burns out LED traffic lights all the time; OLEDs are far less tolerant.
Simply use in the shade.
The individual pixels are microscopic. That they work at all is amazing let alone being capable of high lumen output with extremely excellent color/gamma rendering.
The AMOLED matrix has 10's of thousands of active solid state components not just the OLED pixels themselves. All are hest sensitive plus the fact the display is helping to dissipate mobo heat while producing heat of it's own. The most heat sensitive component, the OLED is smack on top of this glass heatsink*.
Direct sunlight in especially high ambient temperatures is a real bad plan. You can fry any display like this.
Know, understand and respect their limitations. You will be rewarded with a long lived gorgeous display.
*glass is a good thermal insulator. Do tempered glass protective screens increase the thermal burden? Most likely. If cool at first the added mass will be protective but once the device (or the sun) heats that mass up things will go down hill from there and the display temperature will rapidly climb.

joloxx9joloxx9 said:
So they should not sell them in countries like Spain etc as there is too much sun
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Common sense should prevail I guess. I live in a place hotter than Spain. If I were to use my device in the middle of the day in bright sun light it’ll cook after 15mins. Hence why I don’t. But then would any other device.

blackhawk said:
I live in Texas desert, the sun here is intense.
It burns out LED traffic lights all the time; OLEDs are far less tolerant.
Simply use in the shade.
The individual pixels are microscopic. That they work at all is amazing let alone being capable of high lumen output with extremely excellent color/gamma rendering.
The AMOLED matrix has 10's of thousands of active solid state components not just the OLED pixels themselves. All are hest sensitive plus the fact the display is helping to dissipate mobo heat while producing heat of it's own. The most heat sensitive component, the OLED is smack on top of this glass heatsink*.
Direct sunlight in especially high ambient temperatures is a real bad plan. You can fry any display like this.
Know, understand and respect their limitations. You will be rewarded with a long lived gorgeous display.
*glass is a good thermal insulator. Do tempered glass protective screens increase the thermal burden? Most likely. If cool at first the added mass will be protective but once the device (or the sun) heats that mass up things will go down hill from there and the display temperature will rapidly climb.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
And this was me think you lived in the Mojave desert.

Question Faint White Lines with Grainy/Noise on Display

Hi,
Got a new Moto Edge 20 Pro a couple of weeks back.
The display at low brightness has very noticable Faint White Lines and the display looks grainy, like newspaper texture almost like the Kindle Display.
At darkness, when the display refresh rate is set to auto, I can see the grainy noise and the white lines change when I touch the display.
Grey and White colors arent Pure Grey and White. When I use pwmfree 1.3 or OLED SAVER app, the white lines are almost gone (not entirely gone) and the grainy texture / noise increases.
Any idea whats going on, whether it is a software or a hardware issue ?
is there a way to get this fixed ?

karikaalan0207 said:
Hi,
Got a new Moto Edge 20 Pro a couple of weeks back.
The display at low brightness has very noticable Faint White Lines and the display looks grainy, like newspaper texture almost like the Kindle Display.
At darkness, when the display refresh rate is set to auto, I can see the grainy noise and the white lines change when I touch the display.
Grey and White colors arent Pure Grey and White. When I use pwmfree 1.3 or OLED SAVER app, the white lines are almost gone (not entirely gone) and the grainy texture / noise increases.
Any idea whats going on, whether it is a software or a hardware issue ?
is there a way to get this fixed ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The noise on the display is the nature of OLED displays. Or at least the one on this phone. I have a regular Edge 20, but they have the same display anyway. Same issue you pointed out: grain with certain colors and at lower brightness. And yes, I do get some vertical lines at the bottom of the screen. It's not defect, it's just the way it is.

Username: Required said:
The noise on the display is the nature of OLED displays. Or at least the one on this phone. I have a regular Edge 20, but they have the same display anyway. Same issue you pointed out: grain with certain colors and at lower brightness. And yes, I do get some vertical lines at the bottom of the screen. It's not defect, it's just the way it is.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I had an iPhone12 before this and that too had an OLED Panel, and I wasnt able to see anything like this.
And the Noise is not consistent. It's pretty freaking uneven and Its a total mess. To see the Noise completely, just open a 2% grey image or something and observe it. It's pretty abysmal. No way OLED displays are this bad.
I just think that Moto has crapped on its customers with a defective batch of Displays.
Also the situation gets better when you use pwmfree app.
The panel's gray uniformity is pretty bad. Im suspecting if this is a case of banding/dirty screen effect on oled screens, which is a defect and not a norm for an OLED Displays.

karikaalan0207 said:
I had an iPhone12 before this and that too had an OLED Panel, and I wasnt able to see anything like this.
And the Noise is not consistent. It's pretty freaking uneven and Its a total mess. To see the Noise completely, just open a 2% grey image or something and observe it. It's pretty abysmal. No way OLED displays are this bad.
I just think that Moto has crapped on its customers with a defective batch of Displays.
Also the situation gets better when you use pwmfree app.
The panel's gray uniformity is pretty bad. Im suspecting if this is a case of banding/dirty screen effect on oled screens, which is a defect and not a norm for an OLED Displays.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ah, well, I haven't owned any expensive phones so I can't really compare to anything other than the Moto Z2 Play, which also had a grainy OLED panel. If I were you I'd be annoyed as well, but I payed a fraction of MSRP for my phone so I can't complain.

karikaalan0207 said:
I had an iPhone12 before this and that too had an OLED Panel, and I wasnt able to see anything like this.
And the Noise is not consistent. It's pretty freaking uneven and Its a total mess. To see the Noise completely, just open a 2% grey image or something and observe it. It's pretty abysmal. No way OLED displays are this bad.
I just think that Moto has crapped on its customers with a defective batch of Displays.
Also the situation gets better when you use pwmfree app.
The panel's gray uniformity is pretty bad. Im suspecting if this is a case of banding/dirty screen effect on oled screens, which is a defect and not a norm for an OLED Displays.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have noticed a weird behavior with the display. forcing it to 60Hz by enabling power saving mode significantly reduces the grain and make the panel a lot more uniform.