Tutorial about flashing stock rom from adb - X 2014 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Can someone show me some step-by-step tutorial about how to flash stock rom via adb? My phone don't want to get in TWRP.

There is a tutorial here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2876769
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk

xKroniK13x said:
There is a tutorial here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2876769
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I need some more help because i'd never flashed anything trough adb

nestorojeda said:
I need some more help because i'd never flashed anything trough adb
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What do you need help with exactly? That thread explains setting up drivers, adb and also flashing the stock ROM. There's not much to it. If you want a more automated approach, research either House of Moto or RSDLite.
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk

xKroniK13x said:
What do you need help with exactly? That thread explains setting up drivers, adb and also flashing the stock ROM. There's not much to it. If you want a more automated approach, research either House of Moto or RSDLite.
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I need to know how to revert to stock from cm13, becuause i can get in twrp. And if it is a program similar to odin for samsung, better.

nestorojeda said:
I need to know how to revert to stock from cm13, becuause i can get in twrp. And if it is a program similar to odin for samsung, better.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You will need to download the stock firmware for your phone, preferably the version you were on prior to flashing cm13. Follow the FAQ thread for installing ADB and Motorola drivers. Plug in your Moto X using your OEM USB cable in a USB2.0 port (OEM and USB2 can be important). Follow the tutorial linked there to then flash stock firmware.
House of Moto will generate a batch script to run the commands automatically, but still requires OEM cable, drivers and USB 2 port.
RSDLite is similar to House of Moto and will automate the process, same prerequisites to the above.
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk

Related

Any root options for 4.4.2?

hey there,
I'm using the 2012 Version of the Nexus 7 (32GB Wifi), running Android 4.4.2 (Build KOT49H).
Am I right in thinking that there is currently NO option to safely root the device?
sorry if this is an common question, but if you're not already into the whole topic, things are a bit confusing at times. From what I saw, root tutorials mainly deal with 4.1 or 4.2?
thanks for any info
brokaaa
Check out wugfresh there is a tool you can download which is fairly easy to use. There are videos on YouTube that show you how and have links for wugfresh.
Sent from my Nexus 10 using xda app-developers app
striker59 said:
Check out wugfresh there is a tool you can download which is fairly easy to use. There are videos on YouTube that show you how and have links for wugfresh.
Sent from my Nexus 10 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I used wugfresh and it was simple. Actually more simple then rooting some of the Android phone.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk
thanks, I will check that out!
quick question: how is it with future updates then? Can I upgrade to the next android version (when that comes out) having rooted with this tool?
brokaaa said:
thanks, I will check that out!
quick question: how is it with future updates then? Can I upgrade to the next android version (when that comes out) having rooted with this tool?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you use wugfresh's tool I believe he updates it when a new update comes out
You can also use a program called nexus tool kit... Sooo simple so use
Sent from my SM-N900T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Chines programer have good VROOT tool, work 100%
BD619 said:
If you use wugfresh's tool I believe he updates it when a new update comes out
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
all right...
another thing: can I do a backup of my data (using wugfresh's toolkit), then root and then simply restore my data (again with wugfresh), so that old savegames etc. will be present in the rooted device?
thanks again
brokaaa said:
all right...
another thing: can I do a backup of my data (using wugfresh's toolkit), then root and then simply restore my data (again with wugfresh), so that old savegames etc. will be present in the rooted device?
thanks again
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just finished rooting. Had a little trouble with the drivers in the beginning, but the driver instructions in the toolkit solved the problem. I did restore my previous system with all app data using the toolkit, as well. Works perfectly!
thanks again for recommending this great toolkit and special thanks to WugFresh!
Alen_R said:
Chines programer have good VROOT tool, work 100%
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Malware infection and adware. No. Don't.
Will the Nexus 8 have a SD expansion slot?
Doesn't
fastboot oem unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrpwhatever.img
reboot recovery
flash supersux.xx.zip in recovery
mount system
delete system/recovery-from-boot.p (if needed)
work anymore?
brizey said:
Doesn't
fastboot oem unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrpwhatever.img
reboot recovery
flash supersux.xx.zip in recovery
mount system
delete system/recovery-from-boot.p (if needed)
work anymore?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1 i was wondering the same thing. I prefer to run these commands myself rather than use a toolkit (no offense wug!)
-Betu said:
Will the Nexus 8 have a SD expansion slot?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I haven't heard anything about the nexus 8 but if you mean future generation nexus devices then the answer is probably no. Google has stated why they won't include external memory slots on nexus devices for several reasons. Do a quick google search.
Edit: just saw rumors of nexus 8 device.... 64 bit processor WTF!!!!! I'll have to check this out.
Sent from my TF300T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
brizey said:
Doesn't
fastboot oem unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrpwhatever.img
reboot recovery
flash supersux.xx.zip in recovery
mount system
delete system/recovery-from-boot.p (if needed)
work anymore?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes it does
brizey said:
Doesn't
fastboot oem unlock
fastboot flash recovery twrpwhatever.img
reboot recovery
flash supersux.xx.zip in recovery
mount system
delete system/recovery-from-boot.p (if needed)
work anymore?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If those aren't working for you....its your drivers in windows. It isn't seeing your nexus properly.
Always start with the command fastboot devices. And see if it lists your nexus. If not, nothing else will work either.
Sent from my N5, N7, Moto X, G Tab 3 or S2.....
kj2112 said:
If those aren't working for you....its your drivers in windows. It isn't seeing your nexus properly.
Always start with the command fastboot devices. And see if it lists your nexus. If not, nothing else will work either.
Sent from my N5, N7, Moto X, G Tab 3 or S2.....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I wasn't saying it was not working for me. I was wondering why the op thought there was something different with 4.4.2.
I pre-ordered during the io it was announced at and rooted using fastboot commands the first time I turned it on.
Sent from my SCH-I545 using Tapatalk
xposed
root the tablet but dont put any custom roms. Used xposed modules to get the rom features onto the tablet. Most roms can be named stable but they are no match to the stability of stock google rom

[Q] Root for VS980 on KitKat 4.4.2?

Is there a method to root the Verizon LG G2 (VS980) on the stock OTA Kit Kat 4.4.2 build yet?
I bought the phone used, already had the OTA on it...now I just need root.
Not interested in Rom'ing, just need tethering without the $30/month charge for the few times I use it and need root to do it.
Thanks!
mcdonsco said:
Is there a method to root the Verizon LG G2 (VS980) on the stock OTA Kit Kat 4.4.2 build yet?
I bought the phone used, already had the OTA on it...now I just need root.
Not interested in Rom'ing, just need tethering without the $30/month charge for the few times I use it and need root to do it.
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ioroot25 should still work...
I'm considering a G2 also and have been wondering the same. From what I gathered you would have to go back to 4.2.2 first, gain root, and then flash back to 4.4.2. Someone correct me if I'm wrong please.
Juggernaut79 said:
I'm considering a G2 also and have been wondering the same. From what I gathered you would have to go back to 4.2.2 first, gain root, and then flash back to 4.4.2. Someone correct me if I'm wrong please.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You don't have to. Ioroot25 will root the official kk. That's what I used and it worked without an issue. Just make sure all the proper drivers are installed on your computer...
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
mjones73 said:
ioroot25 should still work...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
GRACIAS!...Didn't know that.
mjones73 said:
ioroot25 should still work...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
As far as that goes, how is installing the LG G2 unified drivers supposed to go? I found the download link for them in the main 200 page thread for this. Extracted the zip, but none of the .exe files do anything when run. Is that normal or is something wrong? For example I tried running InstallUSB64.exe but absolutely nothing happens.
Another more recent post on like page 185 of the thread had another download link, but that just leads to a file called "LG" with no extension and it doesn't appear to be a .zip
---------- Post added at 10:37 AM ---------- Previous post was at 09:58 AM ----------
ivanalbright said:
As far as that goes, how is installing the LG G2 unified drivers supposed to go? I found the download link for them in the main 200 page thread for this. Extracted the zip, but none of the .exe files do anything when run. Is that normal or is something wrong? For example I tried running InstallUSB64.exe but absolutely nothing happens.
Another more recent post on like page 185 of the thread had another download link, but that just leads to a file called "LG" with no extension and it doesn't appear to be a .zip
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nevermind, got it. The link to the driver is at the very bottom of this post: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=53128251&postcount=1847
You have to add the extension .exe
Root successful with the instructions listed there. Used ioroot25. Running android 4.4.2
Is root all I need to flash Roms? Do I need to unlock the boot loader as well?
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
coliny59 said:
Is root all I need to flash Roms? Do I need to unlock the boot loader as well?
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No you will need to root and then install custom recovery. Depending on what you are on. If you are on kitkat you can use autorec, and anything earlier you can use flashify.
simple_fear85 said:
No you will need to root and then install custom recovery. Depending on what you are on. If you are on kitkat you can use autorec, and anything earlier you can use flashify.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I understand this phone has an e fuse. Will it be tripped by installing a custom recovery?
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
coliny59 said:
I understand this phone has an e fuse. Will it be tripped by installing a custom recovery?
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I am not sure about the question but I know when you root this phone there is a trip where it will show in the lg menu that it is rooted. In order to get rid of that you will have to return to stock. Tell you though I have had this phone for a few months now and I am glad i finally decided to root and put custom recovery on. Its my phone and set up the way I want with root and all.
simple_fear85 said:
I am not sure about the question but I know when you root this phone there is a trip where it will show in the lg menu that it is rooted. In order to get rid of that you will have to return to stock. Tell you though I have had this phone for a few months now and I am glad i finally decided to root and put custom recovery on. Its my phone and set up the way I want with root and all.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the feedback!
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
coliny59 said:
Thanks for the feedback!
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
no problem. If you want a nice working asop rom check on Vanir 4.4.3
I'm having a hell of a time trying to get this thing to root. I followed all of the instructions for installing the LG device drivers and when I go to run the IOroot25 it flashes really quickly and then goes away. USB debugging is enabled and I have tried it in ethernet mode and charging mode. Both produce the same result. Do I need to remove any other drives I might have on my computer in order to get it to work? Any other ideas?
yoderz said:
I'm having a hell of a time trying to get this thing to root. I followed all of the instructions for installing the LG device drivers and when I go to run the IOroot25 it flashes really quickly and then goes away. USB debugging is enabled and I have tried it in ethernet mode and charging mode. Both produce the same result. Do I need to remove any other drives I might have on my computer in order to get it to work? Any other ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need to be in Ethernet mode.
Once it boots into recovery, did you scroll down and select "install from adb"?
tech_head said:
You need to be in Ethernet mode.
Once it boots into recovery, did you scroll down and select "install from adb"?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, I had everything setup correctly and it didn't work. Tried the same exact thing on another computer and it worked flawlessly. Thanks though!
yoderz said:
Yeah, I had everything setup correctly and it didn't work. Tried the same exact thing on another computer and it worked flawlessly. Thanks though!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Im having problems rooting it as well. I installed the latest drivers 1.14 I believe, and when trying to root it using ioroot25 it says downgrade to a previous version.
I do have it on Ethernet mode, and it reboots it into recovery, but that's it. I select apply update from adb but again, on ioroot it does nothing after the suggestion to downgrade.
any suggestions?
Make sure your phone is setup. Debugging mode is set. Unknown sources is set. Phone is on airplane mode. Plug into computer and start ioroot25 and follow steps
Sent from my LG-VS980 using XDA Free mobile app
Guys just use towelroot to root. You install an app and push a button.
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Free mobile app
squidder said:
Guys just use towelroot to root. You install an app and push a button.
Sent from my VS980 4G using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I second this. I used it just yesterday to root a stock G2 on the Kit Kat update.
I wouldnt trust in my opinion. Ioroot way easier
Sent from my LG-VS980 using Tapatalk

KTU84P (4.4.4) Updater

Your bootloader must be unlocked to use this. If your bootloader is not already unlocked, unlocking it will wipe your data and this method is not recommended.
This is a modified factory image that will not erase your user data or custom recovery. This can be used even if you’re rooted and with modified system files, xposed framework, or custom recovery. Once installed you will lose root, just flash supersu in your custom recovery. Xposed should still be on your device so just go into the app and re-install it. For any modified system files, you will have to re-modify those.
This is intended for those on the stock rom, rooted, and with a custom recovery. It’ll work if you have a custom rom but will put the stock system on.
I am not responsible for anything you do to your device so flash at your own risk. Always backup before doing any significant changes to your device. I would recommend off your device in case something happens
.
To use, download the modified factory image here http://d-h.st/mYI Use 7-zip or winrar to extract the files.
Supersu by chainfire can be found here, CWM / TWRP / MobileODIN installable ZIP: http://download.chainfire.eu/supersu
Boot into the bootloader. From a cmd window opened where the flash-all file is just type flash-all. You can use shift, right click on the occam-ktu85l-Modified folder to open a command window in the correct folder. ADB/FASTBOOT must be intalled on your PC.
You can also just double click on the flash-all.bat
This is tested on a windows machine; however it should work on a Mac too, flash the flash-all.sh.
work like a charm on Mac
Man, you guys are fast! :good:
Could someone please tell me if this can be flashed through Wug toolkit?
Unleashed by my Nexus 4
Awesome! Will try now and report back ( on 4.4.3, xposed, cwm, root)
EDIT
working flawlesly. also no problems with hellscore karnel
ty alot for this OP
Aw damn, I didn't see this and I used the stock factory image...oh well :/ 4.4.4 is good for me so far....except wifi tethering. Anyone else having that issue, as well? It started with 4.4.3 for me.
hp420 said:
Aw damn, I didn't see this and I used the stock factory image...oh well :/ 4.4.4 is good for me so far....except wifi tethering. Anyone else having that issue, as well? It started with 4.4.3 for me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try factory reset, maybe it will fix your issue?
Could anybody share the extracted zip for those of us at work not near a computer??
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk
First of all, sorry my poor English.
I have Custom Rom (Slimkat 4.4.3) with root and twrp. Can I flash this file? Do I lost my datas (download, photos, etc) ?
¿Do I have to put the 4.4.4 baseband ?.
Thank you very much and sorry by my poor english.
You have to wait for slimkat, this is the stock image
Worked perfectly on a rooted Nexus 4 with 4.4.2. All data was kept
Works! Txn bro!
Sent from mobile
sidnoit22 said:
Try factory reset, maybe it will fix your issue?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks, that was one suggestion I've found. Unfortunately nothing has worked for me. It apparently is a bigger issue than I knew. There's already a ticket for it here: https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62516 Hopefully they fix it soon, because with 4.4 and 4.4.2 I got a lot of random reboots, and with 4.4.3/.4 I can't enable the wifi hotspot.
RASTAVIPER said:
Could someone please tell me if this can be flashed through Wug toolkit?
Unleashed by my Nexus 4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Any info on this?
Can I select Sideload from WUG and directly flash this rom??
RASTAVIPER said:
Any info on this?
Can I select Sideload from WUG and directly flash this rom??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Free mobile app
jd1639 said:
No
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Care to share any more info?
What is the difference with flashing through fastboot?
Unleashed by my Nexus 4
RASTAVIPER said:
Care to share any more info?
What is the difference with flashing through fastboot?
Unleashed by my Nexus 4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This flashes all the images contained in the factory image except for userdata and recovery. It's just the factory image with some modifications made to it. You could flash all those same images in fastboot if you wanted to
I'm not familiar with wugs toolkit do I dint know what it does
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Free mobile app
jd1639 said:
This flashes all the images contained in the factory image except for userdata and recovery. It's just the factory image with some modifications made to it. You could flash all those same images in fastboot if you wanted to
I'm not familiar with wugs toolkit do I dint know what it does
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In that case, the proper reply to my question is : "I don't know".
Anyway, I will try with Wug and report later with results.
Unleashed by my Nexus 4
So, after trying myself with Wug toolkit, I can confirm that after a few clicks at my pc and flashing only boot, bootloader and system img files, I managed to upgrade from 4.4.3 to 4.4.4 with no problems.
Unleashed by my Nexus 4
Worked flawlessly. Of course you can manually fastboot flash system, boot, and radio and not the data from the occam zip package so as not to lose your data

Return to Stock

I am looking to return my tablet back to stock so I can watch Google movies. I have a wifi t710 tab2s. I have rooted it, installed a custom kernel, recovery, and rom. When I try to flash either one of these stock firmware 5.0.2_T710XXU1AOG5_T710XAR1AOG6_XAR.zip or 5.1.1_T710XXU1BOH7_T710XAR1BOH7_XAR.zip in Odin it fails.
Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong. Thanks in advance.
Never mind. I got it.
droid10 said:
I am looking to return my tablet back to stock so I can watch Google movies. I have a wifi t710 tab2s. I have rooted it, installed a custom kernel, recovery, and rom. When I try to flash either one of these stock firmware 5.0.2_T710XXU1AOG5_T710XAR1AOG6_XAR.zip or 5.1.1_T710XXU1BOH7_T710XAR1BOH7_XAR.zip in Odin it fails.
Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong. Thanks in advance.
Never mind. I got it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How did you fix this??? What error were you getting?I'm in same situation. Plz
Sent from my SM-G928T using Tapatalk
neoflasher said:
How did you fix this??? What error were you getting?I'm in same situation. Plz
Sent from my SM-G928T using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's a tad annoying when people do that and don't explain how they fixed it so I'll try and elaborate on his behalf. :banghead:
Basically it seems he was attempting to flash the zips in Odin. Odin requires tar or md5 files. I'm guessing he realised he had to extract the tar from the zip file first then flash.
I hope it was something else cause I have extracted the zips
Sent from my SM-G928T using Tapatalk
neoflasher said:
How did you fix this??? What error were you getting?I'm in same situation. Plz
Sent from my SM-G928T using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm not sure if you received my PM. Are you able to boot into download mode?
ashyx said:
It's a tad annoying when people do that and don't explain how they fixed it so I'll try and elaborate on his behalf. :banghead:
Basically it seems he was attempting to flash the zips in Odin. Odin requires tar or md5 files. I'm guessing he realised he had to extract the tar from the zip file first then flash.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yea, I should of explained how I did it. Unfortunately, I don't remember exactly how I did it. I believe I ended up using Samsung Smart Switch or Samsung Kies 3 to return it back to stock. There is an Emergency phone recovery option in both programs that will restore your device back to stock.
When I plug it into smart switch it says not recognized.
Sent from my SM-G928T using Tapatalk
Just got home and flashed no problem. Thanks
Sent from my SM-G928T using Tapatalk

Need help =}

So. This is second thread today but i need beacuse have no pc at moment i cant navigate much with phone.
So my fire was stuckes on main screen with no launcer. İ did factory reset from recovery. Now it stucks on optimiİngs apps screen.
Now what should i do?
(Android 5.1.1) i want ti instal cm12.1 but i dont know can i achieve it. İ was enabled adb , but i dont know i got disabled after factory reset. İf it is disabled , what can i do?
Nothing you can do without a pc.
Hopefully you'll be able to use adb when you can connect, then you could add a launcher back on.
If not you'll have to restore the whole fireos 5.1.1 ROM
Pond-life said:
Nothing you can do without a pc.
Hopefully you'll be able to use adb when you can connect, then you could add a launcher back on.
If not you'll have to restore the whole fireos 5.1.1 ROM
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
İ will find pc , but it has no internet connection.
İ need to download files via mobile. (Adb fastboot drivers, stock rom. What elsr i need to download?) The best way is restore whole os i think.
But i never used adb and fastboot commands
Ehmedhemidli said:
İ will find pc , but it has no internet connection.
İ need to download files via mobile. (Adb fastboot drivers, stock rom. What elsr i need to download?) The best way is restore whole os i think.
But i never used adb and fastboot commands
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://forum.xda-developers.com/amazon-fire/general/unbrick-amazon-fire-7in-2015-5th-gen-t3285294
Sent from my KFFOWI using XDA Labs
Pond-life said:
Nothing you can do without a pc.
Hopefully you'll be able to use adb when you can connect, then you could add a launcher back on.
If not you'll have to restore the whole fireos 5.1.1 ROM
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sd_shadow said:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/amazon-fire/general/unbrick-amazon-fire-7in-2015-5th-gen-t3285294
Sent from my KFFOWI using XDA Labs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks. Already watched this tutorial. Now i am downloading needed files.
sd_shadow said:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/amazon-fire/general/unbrick-amazon-fire-7in-2015-5th-gen-t3285294
Sent from my KFFOWI using XDA Labs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
And one more question. My fire was android 5.1.1
Now there is 3x stock rom ,oldesd one is 5.01 i think
On video:
İt uses update-kindle-37.5.2.2_user_522054520.bin
But there is also update-kindle-global-37.5.4.1_user_541112720.bin
Now which i shoul use? Global one?
Ehmedhemidli said:
And one more question. My fire was android 5.1.1
Now there is 3x stock rom ,oldesd one is 5.01 i think
On video:
İt uses update-kindle-37.5.2.2_user_522054520.bin
But there is also update-kindle-global-37.5.4.1_user_541112720.bin
Now which i shoul use? Global one?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
downgrading will brick it, so use the 5.1.1
Sent from my KFFOWI using Tapatalk
Ehmedhemidli said:
And one more question. My fire was android 5.1.1
Now there is 3x stock rom ,oldesd one is 5.01 i think
On video:
İt uses update-kindle-37.5.2.2_user_522054520.bin
But there is also update-kindle-global-37.5.4.1_user_541112720.bin
Now which i shoul use? Global one?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
update-kindle-global-37.5.4.1_user_541112720.bin
sd_shadow said:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/amazon-fire/general/unbrick-amazon-fire-7in-2015-5th-gen-t3285294
Sent from my KFFOWI using XDA Labs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Evribadi thanks. İ did it with rootjunky's tutorial .
İnstal drivers
Stock recovery, instal update from adb
Opened cmd, adb sideload global blablabla sh*it.
Press enter and it is done.
Thanks for help.

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