Hey guys, everytime I use apps that move games to sd (GL 2 SD, Foldermount etc) my phone reboot itself when I try to enable it.
In Foldermount after you have moved it, you need to press on pin button, when I do that, phone restart. Same with GL 2 SD, press play and it restart. Anyone have any idea why this happen?
Before on 4.1.2 I use extsd2internalsd_xz method. Since it is not support on 4.2.2, I am on Root 10.3.1.A.0.244.
When you rooted, you must have missed this when you read the OP of DooMLoRD's thread -
If you are facing issue of device rebooting when remounting /system partition then checkout the fix posted by @[NUT]
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Apply the fix and your phone shouldn't reboot when using those apps any more.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk 2
kingvortex said:
When you rooted, you must have missed this when you read the OP of DooMLoRD's thread -
Apply the fix and your phone shouldn't reboot when using those apps any more.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What a life saver! Thank you very much! I must have miss that out. One question thou, after I have mount it with Foldermount. I than used File Explorer to check out, I still see game that I mount from Internal Memory and also see it on SDCard, I guess that is normal? Even if the file size is big on Internal Memory?
Taftus said:
What a life saver! Thank you very much! I must have miss that out. One question thou, after I have mount it with Foldermount. I than used File Explorer to check out, I still see game that I mount from Internal Memory and also see it on SDCard, I guess that is normal? Even if the file size is big on Internal Memory?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I do not use any of those apps, but yes, I believe that is normal. If I remember correctly, a symlink is created, which links the files to the internal memory. They are not actually on the internal card though.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk 2
Guys just a quick question,
If i use folder mount with fix,moved the data file to sd card,will i be able to play the game like MC4?
xPoiled said:
Guys just a quick question,
If i use folder mount with fix,moved the data file to sd card,will i be able to play the game like MC4?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have not tried MC4 but it should work with every games/apps.
Today, I have experienced a very "odd" problem. I have just found out that there is a folder called "storage" visible in my Internal Storage.
When I thought that, since it was visible, it did not contain much useful files (Only 2 xml files I found which would be in both internal and external storage) so I deleted that folder and everything in my SD Card and Internal Storage vanished.
I found out that the "storage" folder had a link to both storage devices but the weird thing is, why was that there and why is it visible? I could of sworn that I have never seen that before on my Xperia Z...
Can anyone else see their "storage" folder in the internal storage or is it just me?
ZeroInfinity said:
Today, I have experienced a very "odd" problem. I have just found out that there is a folder called "storage" visible in my Internal Storage.
When I thought that, since it was visible, it did not contain much useful files (Only 2 xml files I found which would be in both internal and external storage) so I deleted that folder and everything in my SD Card and Internal Storage vanished.
I found out that the "storage" folder had a link to both storage devices but the weird thing is, why was that there and why is it visible? I could of sworn that I have never seen that before on my Xperia Z...
Can anyone else see their "storage" folder in the internal storage or is it just me?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi.
At root, i have sdcard and sdcard1 and storage. Inside storage folder i have sdcard0 and sdcard1. I have seen this before for long time ago.
CiscoX said:
Hi.
At root, i have sdcard and sdcard1 and storage. Inside storage folder i have sdcard0 and sdcard1. I have seen this before for long time ago.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
but this is totally different from what I have experienced.
From Windows, Internal Storage would have a folder called "storage" with another folder called "01" inside the storage folder. So "Internal Storage/storage/01/" if it was read on a Windows PC. inside the storage folder, there is just 1 folder called "01", nothing else. inside "01" folder, there are ONLY 2 .xml files which are the same as the 2 .xml files you would have by default in the root of your Internal and External Storage.
In short- Internel Storage has a folder called storage, inside storage has a folder called 01, inside 01 there are only 2 .xml files. The strange thing is, if it were linked to Internal/External Storage, why only 2 .xml files are visible in the 01 folder?
EDIT: When I tried to delete the storage folder (At the time I did not know that it was linked) Windows loading bar for deleting files did not move so I had to cancel it. Once cancelled, everything in my external/internal storage was wiped off. Thankfully, I recovered most of my lost pictures with Recuva
Not sure but I think this folder came somehow from the recovery maybe a bug.
I hope you didn't lost important things.
Sent from my GT-I9500 using xda premium
ZeroInfinity said:
but this is totally different from what I have experienced.
From Windows, Internal Storage would have a folder called "storage" with another folder called "01" inside the storage folder. So "Internal Storage/storage/01/" if it was read on a Windows PC. inside the storage folder, there is just 1 folder called "01", nothing else. inside "01" folder, there are ONLY 2 .xml files which are the same as the 2 .xml files you would have by default in the root of your Internal and External Storage.
In short- Internel Storage has a folder called storage, inside storage has a folder called 01, inside 01 there are only 2 .xml files. The strange thing is, if it were linked to Internal/External Storage, why only 2 .xml files are visible in the 01 folder?
EDIT: When I tried to delete the storage folder (At the time I did not know that it was linked) Windows loading bar for deleting files did not move so I had to cancel it. Once cancelled, everything in my external/internal storage was wiped off. Thankfully, I recovered most of my lost pictures with Recuva
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, this is very strange. I remember when i did see this after i bought my phone i was thinking this must be an bug. Another thing, in root i also have a folder named: ext_card and it is the same as sdcard1 here. Sdcard1 is my microSD card i have, but why so many folder linked to the same folders.
At root i go to storage, inside i have folders: emulated, removable, sdcard0, sdcard1 usbdisk.
Inside emulated i have 0 and legacy. etc etc
All of them are linked and goes to the same internal card and external card,
gm007 said:
Not sure but I think this folder came somehow from the recovery maybe a bug.
I hope you didn't lost important things.
Sent from my GT-I9500 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If it really is a bug, we need to know what did actually cause this to happen.
And yeah, Recuva was really useful for me
CiscoX said:
Yes, this is very strange. I remember when i did see this after i bought my phone i was thinking this must be an bug. Another thing, in root i also have a folder named: ext_card and it is the same as sdcard1 here. Sdcard1 is my microSD card i have, but why so many folder linked to the same folders.
At root i go to storage, inside i have folders: emulated, removable, sdcard0, sdcard1 usbdisk.
Inside emulated i have 0 and legacy. etc etc
All of them are linked and goes to the same internal card and external card,
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Too many linked folders make it confusing, why would there be a linked folder visible in the Internal Storage though? this is what is really confusing me right now.
Need more reports if any one else has found this mysterious "storage" folder in their Internal Storage...
im not sure but if everyone with this folder are running 4.2.2 it is for the multiuser or multitasking feature of jellybean 4.2.2
skinsfanbdh said:
im not sure but if everyone with this folder are running 4.2.2 it is for the multiuser or multitasking feature of jellybean 4.2.2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Strange, this is the first time I have ever seen this. I only saw this folder today and I have been on custom roms based on stock xperia firmware android 4.2.2 for ages now... Why would it appear just today? I don't think multitasking will cause this to happen since it doesn't create any folders/files related to it (afaik).
I've had something like this happen where in emulated/0 (my main internal SD storage) there was another 0 folder that freaked out recoveries and such. I had the similar "can't delete from windows" thing, but using a in-recovery file manager I just deleted it, problem solved. tl;dr if you want to delete it and its causing problems delete it from recovery.
Sent from rooted carbon note 2, with the xda app.
shbaldw said:
I've had something like this happen where in emulated/0 (my main internal SD storage) there was another 0 folder that freaked out recoveries and such. I had the similar "can't delete from windows" thing, but using a in-recovery file manager I just deleted it, problem solved. tl;dr if you want to delete it and its causing problems delete it from recovery.
Sent from rooted carbon note 2, with the xda app.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
exactly what im talking about. lots of threads in the htc one forum about it and being this device was released with 4.1.2(like the htc one) and has recently been updated to 4.2.2(like the htc one) maybe its the same thing, not saying it is because i dont know. just sounds like the same thing
shbaldw said:
I've had something like this happen where in emulated/0 (my main internal SD storage) there was another 0 folder that freaked out recoveries and such. I had the similar "can't delete from windows" thing, but using a in-recovery file manager I just deleted it, problem solved. tl;dr if you want to delete it and its causing problems delete it from recovery.
Sent from rooted carbon note 2, with the xda app.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Windows did not make any progress in deleting it, it was stuck on the Preparing to delete... window. Once I cancelled it because it took too long, everything from sd card/ internal storage was gone. All because of that storage folder inside my Internal Storage...
I know about the emulated/0 issue (From previous HTC One X Android 4.2.2 AOSP roms) but this seems to be completely different from it.
skinsfanbdh;44594029...and being this device was released with 4.1.2(like the htc one) and has recently been updated to 4.2.2(like the htc one)...[/QUOTE said:
hmm, I updated my phone from 4.1.2 to 4.2.2 prior to seeing this. This might be the cause. Anyone else have this happen?
Sent from rooted carbon note 2, with the xda app.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
shbaldw said:
hmm, I updated my phone from 4.1.2 to 4.2.2 prior to seeing this. This might be the cause. Anyone else have this happen?
Sent from rooted carbon note 2, with the xda app.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't think it has anything to do with an upgraded android version. Like I said before, I have been on Android 4.2.2 a long time now (Upgraded when the firmware first came out) and I have never seen this folder before. I have just seen it yesterday. Another strange thing is that after I attempted to delete the storage folder, Everything was gone INCLUDING that storage folder. I haven't seen the storage folder after that happened. I'm going to go flash another rom and full wipe to see if the storage folder pops up again.
EDIT: Right, no there is no more storage folder in Internal Storage after a full wipe and formatted everything! Very strange indeed...
Wierd storage folder symlink inside internal storage!
ZeroInfinity said:
I don't think it has anything to do with an upgraded android version. Like I said before, I have been on Android 4.2.2 a long time now (Upgraded when the firmware first came out) and I have never seen this folder before. I have just seen it yesterday. Another strange thing is that after I attempted to delete the storage folder, Everything was gone INCLUDING that storage folder. I haven't seen the storage folder after that happened. I'm going to go flash another rom and full wipe to see if the storage folder pops up again.
EDIT: Right, no there is no more storage folder in Internal Storage after a full wipe and formatted everything! Very strange indeed...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I know this is a very old thread but I face the same issue in Android 5.1.1 now and I too deleted the folder named storage only to see that all the data from the sd card has vanished because of that. Any idea what caused this buggy symlink to be created?
All my data is now gone because I just deleted one folder inside my sdcard, and I didn't even think to backup anything since I didn't even dream that deleting a single folder will delete the parent folder! Again recuva was my friend but still I am not able to recover everything in internal storage, any suggestions on what to use to scan the internal storage?
anantharam said:
I know this is a very old thread but I face the same issue in Android 5.1.1 now and I too deleted the folder named storage only to see that all the data from the sd card has vanished because of that. Any idea what caused this buggy symlink to be created?
All my data is now gone because I just deleted one folder inside my sdcard, and I didn't even think to backup anything since I didn't even dream that deleting a single folder will delete the parent folder! Again recuva was my friend but still I am not able to recover everything in internal storage, any suggestions on what to use to scan the internal storage?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you upgrade to newer firmware using a zip? That's a common bug when upgrading via zip.
The only proper way is to backup ur entire internal storage and flash a full ftf. Then you will not have the annoying symlink.
langeveld024 said:
Did you upgrade to newer firmware using a zip? That's a common bug when upgrading via zip.
The only proper way is to backup ur entire internal storage and flash a full ftf. Then you will not have the annoying symlink.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did do a factory reset before flashing a new firmware. Not sure what else I should do..
And as for the internal storage recovery, I followed these different guides but raw file using vhdtool and recuva did not give me any single file that was last present in my internal memory and even extundelete didn't return any single file that was in the internal storage, some of these tools return hundreds of text files and images that I had no idea was in my internal storage but none of them return me any of the hundreds of images and videos that I was sure were in my internal storage.
anantharam said:
I did do a factory reset before flashing a new firmware. Not sure what else I should do..
And as for the internal storage recovery, I followed these different guides but raw file using vhdtool and recuva did not give me any single file that was last present in my internal memory and even extundelete didn't return any single file that was in the internal storage, some of these tools return hundreds of text files and images that I had no idea was in my internal storage but none of them return me any of the hundreds of images and videos that I was sure were in my internal storage.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes but if you factory reset on 4.4.2 (for example) and then flash 5.0.2 fw via zip in recovery, you will get the annoying folder symlink.
The only way to upgrade to lollipop is by flashing a full ftf (which will wipe internal sd) after that you won't have the annoying symlink.
But you flashed zip instead of ftf and discovered the folder symlink which seemed not harmful to delete so you deleted it. Right?
Then there's no chance in getting the data (photos etc) back.
I was the same situation as you, twice, I tried every possibility to recover my photos but it ended up with nothing. Everything was gone.
On a mechanical harddrive, when you wiped data, the data will only be gone when the wiped sectors are overwritten (e.g. format harddrive, which overwrite with empty buffer).
As long as the wiped data in those sectors are not overwritten, you'll be able to recover almost all - if not all - data you deleted.
On flash memory instead, (such as ssd drives and internal storage of our phone) deleted data is immediately deleted.
(that's also one of the reasons on Android, you never have to defragment the internal sd, same story for an ssd)
I'm sorry for u to say but I'm afraid you're unfortunately lost the photos and there's no way to get it back.
But my advice to you is:
Never upgrade between android versions (e.g. 4.4 > 5.0) using a zip installable.
Only use full factory images (ftf), they will wipe internal sd in order to get correct mappings so backup everything before flashing.
Once u on a firmware, an update to the same firmware is allowed (e.g. from one 5.0.2 rom to another 5.0.2 rom).
I hope it helps u in the future.
Regards
langeveld024 said:
Yes but if you factory reset on 4.4.2 (for example) and then flash 5.0.2 fw via zip in recovery, you will get the annoying folder symlink.
The only way to upgrade to lollipop is by flashing a full ftf (which will wipe internal sd) after that you won't have the annoying symlink.
But you flashed zip instead of ftf and discovered the folder symlink which seemed not harmful to delete so you deleted it. Right?
Then there's no chance in getting the data (photos etc) back.
I was the same situation as you, twice, I tried every possibility to recover my photos but it ended up with nothing. Everything was gone.
On a mechanical harddrive, when you wiped data, the data will only be gone when the wiped sectors are overwritten (e.g. format harddrive, which overwrite with empty buffer).
As long as the wiped data in those sectors are not overwritten, you'll be able to recover almost all - if not all - data you deleted.
On flash memory instead, (such as ssd drives and internal storage of our phone) deleted data is immediately deleted.
(that's also one of the reasons on Android, you never have to defragment the internal sd, same story for an ssd)
I'm sorry for u to say but I'm afraid you're unfortunately lost the photos and there's no way to get it back.
But my advice to you is:
Never upgrade between android versions (e.g. 4.4 > 5.0) using a zip installable.
Only use full factory images (ftf), they will wipe internal sd in order to get correct mappings so backup everything before flashing.
Once u on a firmware, an update to the same firmware is allowed (e.g. from one 5.0.2 rom to another 5.0.2 rom).
I hope it helps u in the future.
Regards
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you very much for the detailed explanation, after wasting two whole days trying everything described anywhere in the internet for recovering data from internal storage, I have also learnt it the hard way that it won't be possible to recover my data. Anyways the good news is google photos had backed up most of my photos, so it would actually be the call recordings, whatsapp history and other documents that I would have to loose permanently.
langeveld024 said:
Never upgrade between android versions (e.g. 4.4 > 5.0) using a zip installable.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
As for the upgrade issue, is this only for lollipop or any android version? I have never seen anything similar when I upgraded from 4.0 to 4.1 or 4.2 to 4.4 e.t.c. If I shouldn't use zip installable to upgrade android versions how else do I upgrade to kitkat or lollipop? I don't think there are any factory images published for lollipop for my phone since support for it ended long time ago.
ZeroInfinity said:
Today, I have experienced a very "odd" problem. I have just found out that there is a folder called "storage" visible in my Internal Storage.
When I thought that, since it was visible, it did not contain much useful files (Only 2 xml files I found which would be in both internal and external storage) so I deleted that folder and everything in my SD Card and Internal Storage vanished.
I found out that the "storage" folder had a link to both storage devices but the weird thing is, why was that there and why is it visible? I could of sworn that I have never seen that before on my Xperia Z...
Can anyone else see their "storage" folder in the internal storage or is it just me?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Am again reviving this old thread as today I deleted a folder named sdcard inside my oneplus 3's internal storage and lost everyrhing. Though I had never upgraded my phone using any zip file and always went with the OTA update
I also made a thread https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-3/help/strange-t3537998
Hello!
On lollipop i could use link2sd, but on marshmallow when i try create script i get message "mount: no such file or directory". How I can repair this?
My phone is Karbonn Sparkle V
Use memory card as internal memory in Marshmallow (warning: it will format your memory card so prepare a backup of your data). Better than link2sd but a drawback that you cannot remove sd card and use it on another mobile and also custom recovery cannot mount your memory card
I don't want to use a internal memory in Marshmallow (apps dont have access to sdcard and it can't download files for example games).
kompus said:
I don't want to use a internal memory in Marshmallow (apps dont have access to sdcard and it can't download files for example games).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Actually I used my card as internal memory and games work pretty well and Download their data in memory card
I use Apps2SD. It's beeter than link2sd and free.
hp5942 said:
Use memory card as internal memory in Marshmallow (warning: it will format your memory card so prepare a backup of your data). Better than link2sd but a drawback that you cannot remove sd card and use it on another mobile and also custom recovery cannot mount your memory card
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't think it is better. Link2SD moves more files to SD card.
vjtigas said:
I don't think it is better. Link2SD moves more files to SD card.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Better for non rooted users
hp5942 said:
Better for non rooted users
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
so has anyone found out how to use link2sd in marshmallow?
Use apps2sd to create mount script and then install link2sd and remove apps2sd. Voila! You're set!
psiknight99 said:
Use apps2sd to create mount script and then install link2sd and remove apps2sd. Voila! You're set!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello, please can you share link to Apps2SD, what you mean? There are many on Play Store and mostly useless. Thanks a lot.
This is the one:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.co.pricealert.apps2sd
Is it also not working on CM13 or CM13 supports move app to ext sd.
I tried different mount scripts/command with no luck. It looks like during start Android is trying to mount sdext as FAT and is blocking Link2SD.
How to use link2sd with marshmallow?
Sent from my C2005 using Tapatalk
I have the same problem
kompus said:
Hello!
On lollipop i could use link2sd, but on marshmallow when i try create script i get message "mount: no such file or directory". How I can repair this?
My phone is Karbonn Sparkle V
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have the same problem?... Has someone solved? I have htc one A9 rooted and S-OFF
can some budy plz slove this problem because of only this resone i dont want to use android 6
best needed app is not working in android 6
I have the very same issue on cm13 where link2sd is telling me that mount script cannot be created due to non existing file or directory.
I wrote a mail to the dev two weeks ago but did not get any response which is utterly painful since I bought the pro version like two months ago. Just two weeks before upgrading to marshmallow...
Gesendet von meinem Moto G 2014 LTE mit Tapatalk
gothicVI said:
I have the very same issue on cm13 where link2sd is telling me that mount script cannot be created due to non existing file or directory.
I wrote a mail to the dev two weeks ago but did not get any response which is utterly painful since I bought the pro version like two months ago. Just two weeks before upgrading to marshmallow...
Gesendet von meinem Moto G 2014 LTE mit Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Exactly!! I too bought the pro hoping for continuous support... I dont want any new features n stuff... just make it useable on MM
Found a workaround that works for me.
the_prodigal_coder said:
so has anyone found out how to use link2sd in marshmallow?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I found a workaround to make link2sd work on android 6.
The first time I installed and ran link2sd, during the creation of the boot script an error was raised about a missing /dev/block/vold/179:18 device.
So I logged in with a terminal and discover that the device in vold is no longer called 179:18 but public:179_18.
I created a symbolic link with the 179:18 name that points to the new device name, recreated the mount scripts and I have now the second SD partition automatically mounted and working to move apps with link2sd.
I sent an email to the app creator, I hope he can fix the issue now.
Below how I did:
- Write down the name of missing device from the error raised by link2SD when the mount script creation fails (eg. for me: /dev/block/vold/179:18)
- Open a terminal to open a local shell.
- Log in as the root user ("su" command)
- Change to the device dir and list the present devices.
Example for me (/dev/block/vold/179:18):
Code:
[email protected]: / # [B]cd /dev/block/vold[/B]
[email protected]: /dev/block/vold # [B]ls[/B]
disk:179_16 public:179_17 [B]public:179_18[/B]
[email protected]: /dev/block/vold #
- Identify the new device name: if for example the device name was "179:18", now the new one is "public:179_18"
- create a symbolic link named as the missing device that point to the new device name (replace the name with your device):
Code:
[email protected]: /dev/block/vold # [B]ln -s "public:179_18" "179:18"[/B]
- DO NOT REBOOT YET
- if you list files you should see the new link:
Code:
[email protected]: /dev/block/vold # [B]ls -l "179:18"[/B]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Feb 19 11:11 [B]179:18 -> public:179_18[/B]
- Open the link2SD app and from the menu choose "Recreate mount script" and accept to reboot when the script has been created.
link2SD should now be able to create the mount script.
When you reboot your device, the symbolic link that you created is deleted, but in my case the app created a mount script with 2 mounts:
- The first with the device using the symbolic link (that will fail because the link is gone)
- The second with the physical device (/dev/block/mmcblk1p2) that will successfully mount the 2nd sd partition
So, if it's the same for you, you will not need to modify the mount script.
The only issue (but not that annoying) now is that at every reboot android see the 2nd SD partition as corrupted and ask you to format it: I simply ignore it and dismiss the notification (If someone knows a way to make android ignore a specific disk device, let me know)
I don't know if this can work on all devices, I only could test with my galaxy tab 3.8 with A Bliss ROM.
Let me know if it works.
Manu
Will try it asap and report back, @wmanux! Did almost the same already but with a hard link (ln ... without the -s option) but it didn't work. Can you elaborate the difference a symbolic link makes?
Thx ahead bro!
Gesendet von meinem Moto G 2014 LTE mit Tapatalk
Downloaded and flashed XAR MM 6.0.1 for my TM810 today, flashed TWRP and then rooted with Supersu 2.74 beta (systemless) thru TWRP, everything work ok but Root Explorer and Titanium Backup, both apps are unable to "see" my SD card, other apps as the stock file explorer is able to read and write on it. Kitkat SD card fix app does not work.
Anybody have this problem too? Is there any solution for this? Thanks
Sent from my SM-T810 using XDA-Developers mobile app
Uninstall then reinstall the app, you should get asked if you want to allow permissions to use the SD card.
Also make sure your apps are up to date.
If it still doesn't work, open the app in app manager and make sure STORAGE is enabled under permissions.
Thanks @ashyx, it worked with TIBU but for any reason is not working with Root Explorer, fixes permissions, unisnstalled/installed and nothing. . Will continue trying. Thanks again
Update, after cleaning cache and reinstalled again I found that for some reason my ExtSD card is renamed to "F89B-0E2F" then so the system see it but is not able to detect as an SD card
Sent from my SM-T810 using XDA-Developers mobile app
danyvw said:
Update, after cleaning cache and reinstalled again I found that for some reason my ExtSD card is renamed to "F89B-0E2F" then so the system see it but is not able to detect as an SD card
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's normal for Marshmallow.
You should be able to mount it rw with root explorer.
ashyx said:
That's normal for Marshmallow.
You should be able to mount it rw with root explorer.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks again. Now is working.
Sent from my ONEPLUS A3000 using Tapatalk