USB Charging. - Galaxy Tab 8.9 General

I've misplaced my wall charger for my 8.9, I'm trying to build one at work. I know it's 5 volts at 2 amps, but my question is, are the data lines crossed like on the Charger for the Captivate? Thanks.

Well, Shorting the TX/RX lines didn't trigger 2amp charging.

Are you running a stock kernel ?
You'll need to be running Motleys kernel or CM9/AOKP for usb charging

I'm running Motleys kernel.
It was only pulling .5 amp with the data pins, open and shorted.

did you run the script to enable USB charging ?
There's a widget someone made on the 10.1 that does the scriptydoodah bit for you, I'll have a poke around and see if I can find the post
Edit - Can't find the post, but here's the widget apk
Can't credit who it was that made it, when I can find the post though I'll edit this with the credit

Interesting. So the CM9/AOKP kernels support USB charging?

{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}

But by default will it only pull in 0.5amp? I use the tablet in my car and right now it discharges (slowly) when it is docked.
Will the script change that so I don't need to take the tablet inside once a week and charge it?

ghost__ said:
But by default will it only pull in 0.5amp? I use the tablet in my car and right now it discharges (slowly) when it is docked.
Will the script change that so I don't need to take the tablet inside once a week and charge it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, I thought it was like with the captivate(they cross the datalines and then the device knows its on the charger), but no.
Flan, the apk linked, I downloaded, it but it won't parse?

That is incredibly disappointing. I never used the stock and always just assumed that this was an issue that was related to AOKP and would go away once Samsung released their official ICS build.

muffdoc said:
Yes, I thought it was like with the captivate(they cross the datalines and then the device knows its on the charger), but no.
Flan, the apk linked, I downloaded, it but it won't parse?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Very odd, worked on both stock with Motley's kernel and as you can see works on CM9, that was using the stock charger lead but lugged into the USB port of my laptop, it does charge slower, but certainly puts in more than it's using

No worries mate.
I have the script on the tab already, the widget would of been cool, but I just threw it on the charger and I don't get the red slash over the battery when I have it connected, so shorting the data lines, may have done the trick.
I'm also wondering if I connect the two USB ports together, would I be able to pass data between my Cappy and the 8.9, like a crossover cable and to PC's and no hub.
Damn my rambling mind.

I have stock 3.2 Rom with _motley kernel and my USB charging works for some reason, without any scripts... Like, when I turn the screen off, it goes upto 100%, but as I turn the screen on it is slowly draining the battery to a certain point.

Yes because when it is connected via USB the tablet only requests 0.5amps of power but when the screen is on + wifi + BT, etc the tablet uses more power than it is bringing in. Therefore, despite it reporting that it is charging it is actually draining the battery.

What are you charging it off ?
I left mine plugged into my laptop overnight with wifi, gps and BT all turned on and it charged fully in 8 hours

Deal Extreme charger
I use china adapter as an extra. SKU: 115525 at deal extreme. The one loader that doens't make my tablet nag it isn't charging when on.

muffdoc said:
Well, Shorting the TX/RX lines didn't trigger 2amp charging.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes I also found that shorting these lines did not enable the 2amp charging mode. Also I found that many chargers are designed to charge Apple devices and they put 2V on one data pin and 2.8V on the other, but this also will not enable 2amp charging on the Samsung 8.9. It turns out that the Samsung charger puts both data pins were at about 1.2V which is necessary to cause the Galaxy tab to report its status as "Charging (AC)".
I built an adapter cable (see attached schematic and pictures) which insures that the data pins are at the expected 1.2V. With this cable in place the Galaxy tablet reports its status as "Charging (AC)" when I hook it up to any of my high current wall or auto chargers regardless of which device the charger was designed for.
~Paul

also you can read my tests here

Related

Doesn't charge via wall charger, OK car and usb

Hello Group
My Kaiser has stopped charging via a wall charger. I woke up this morning, and the battery had not charged at all
Some notes
-This problem occurs with 2 different chargers from 2 different outlets
-The device does show the charging indicators (lights and icons) even though it isn't charging
-The device does charge on PC USB port
-The device does charge on the car charger
-No visual bending of the USB pin
I've searched forums, and although I can find references to the opposite issue (wall power OK, USB power or car power NG), I can't seem to find any reference to what I'm seeing. My apologies to the group if I've missed any previous thread regarding this.
Thanks to all who help.
hello, strange problem. have you powered off the phone, pull out battery and try again, see if that might help
lupe
overhaulengines said:
hello, strange problem. have you powered off the phone, pull out battery and try again, see if that might help
lupe
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup, and I have removed and re-inserted the battery.
I thought this also might have to do with a battery going bad, but from what I understand a wall charger gives more power than a usb port, so, again, if that were the case I'd think the opposite would be true
And I did find the thread on some Kaisers are eating up a lot of idle current, but after standby BatteryStatus/HomeScreen PlusPlus says just 1 ma
It sounds like your wall charger has gone bad. It may provide enough current to light up the charge LED, but it certainly doesn't have enough power to charge the battery. Try another wall charger- they all work the same way. I have a number of USB-mini devices and they all interchange for charging.
lsica said:
My Kaiser has stopped charging via a wall charger. I woke up this morning, and the battery had not charged at all
Some notes
-This problem occurs with 2 different chargers from 2 different outlets
-The device does show the charging indicators (lights and icons) even though it isn't charging
-The device does charge on PC USB port
-The device does charge on the car charger
-No visual bending of the USB pin
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
For what it's worth, you are NOT alone! The EXACT same thing has been happening to me on and off now for the past several months. At first, I thought it was the wall charger (I have 3 iGo chargers); however, ALL 3 of them failed to charge. I can understand one them failing, but ALL 3? No way. In my case, the car charger wasn't working either (it's also from iGo).
I ended up having to charge by USB. I eventually thought it was a battery problem, so I bought a new battery.
That worked...until the problem re-appeared again. The bottom line for me right now is that every now and then the wall charging does not work. So it will work fine for some time and then it will not, and then it starts to work again, etc. This erratic behavior happens with both batteries.
The duration of the wall charging working/not working is not fixed, I have found. For example, I have gone a couple of months of it charging fine and then it stops. At other times, it has been as short as a day. In any case, I usually find out about the problem in the morning, when I still see the amber charging light.
I'm convinced it's a Tilt problem.
I've loaded HomeScreenPlus to monitor current draw, and have seen the following:
-One wall charger is showing positive current (negative draw) SOMETIMES, and during those times it does charge the phone. This unit also makes the charge light turn off and on when I jiggle the plugs or cable. Obviously this charger is just broken.
-Another charger does not turn off/on the charge light or current draw when the wire is jiggled, but also never shows a positive current on the phone. This is an IGo charger, and based on previous posts here I'm thinking they just don't supply enough current to charge the phone. in other words, they suck
Any one have recomendations for a replacement wall charger for my Tilt?
i had the same issue with my htc tytn. no charger worked well for more than 5 minutes, until i got an official htc charger from my wifes shadow... now i use it because it works... and she uses the 3rd party one that came with my hermes when i bought it used... it charges her smart phone just fine, i assume beause it requires less juice? I dont know, but get a official htc branded charger... black berries have the same issue after they start getting a little old... probably something to due with wear and tear on resistors of some sort?
Found a charger that works
http://www.radioshack.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2935909
although I expect any ac to usb power adapter that supplies enough current will do. You just need to use your Kaiser/Tilt usb sync cable with it
I got exactly same problem for my Moto Q.
Tried several charger that worked before. Now, none of them works.
Here is the solution.
From www dot heberts dot net/motorola-q-wasnt-charging-via-usb
Start → Settings → Connections → USB to PC. I make “Enable advanced network functionality” on and off, and it works.
szniwawa said:
Tried several charger that worked before. Now, none of them works.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My Kaiser
- Charges via AC
- Charges via Doc
- Does not Charge vis USB
- Does not charge via Car Charger
But if I use an "audio Adaptor" which has usbMini Input it will charge whatever i plug in!!
Weird as hell.
Regards
Mo
I bought one of these from fleebay and it works a treat with ANY charger I plug into it.
HTC Multifunction Audio Cable YC A300
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Regards
Mo

[Q] Slow charge on ICS ROM?

Hi there,
I'm using pure V30 ICS (the original one, downloaded from LG repository). However, I noticed a slow charging warning when I start to charge my phone. I plug it in the socket and the slow charging warning appears (like I were using USB) and due to this the battery takes to looooong to charge. Is there anybody with the same problem?
Regards.
wrong sub forum
probably some app is triggered by plugin in charger event and uses the battery
how long your phone lasts on full charge?
dflt said:
wrong sub forum
probably some app is triggered by plugin in charger event and uses the battery
how long your phone lasts on full charge?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry for placing this question in the wrong forum...
My battery lasts at least 3 days...
I have the same problem, I'm using v30b with recovery
s0cks said:
Hi there,
I'm using pure V30 ICS (the original one, downloaded from LG repository). However, I noticed a slow charging warning when I start to charge my phone. I plug it in the socket and the slow charging warning appears (like I were using USB) and due to this the battery takes to looooong to charge. Is there anybody with the same problem?
Regards.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Slow charging appears if you charge it through USB port on computer. It's normal when using wall charger.
xonar_ said:
Slow charging appears if you charge it through USB port on computer. It's normal when using wall charger.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
For me using wall charger or pc usb is the same, all times phone shows "slow charging"
then basically that means your wall charger is supplying current at 0.5A, which is the same current as pc usb ports.
either your wall charger is not original, or you are sharing the poweroutlet with multiple other plugs
yeomond said:
then basically that means your wall charger is supplying current at 0.5A, which is the same current as pc usb ports.
either your wall charger is not original, or you are sharing the poweroutlet with multiple other plugs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Damn, the phone is plugged with the original battery charger, directly at wall poweroutlet I'm not a kiddy noob.
It's a problem with ics rom, with GB never happened. I've tried to full wipe and doing a clean install, but the problem persist...I've the new v30 baseband installed, too.
Damn, wall charging was never a problem for most of us with ics!!
It has to do with either your charger, your USB cable, or your phone (hardware).
Check them thoroughly, try charging another phone and see if it takes long too.
It never happened in GB because GB didn't had that slow charge notification, but it did charge very slowly through USB, though.
This is a problem with ICS ROM! I tested several kernels (V30B stock and custom) and in all of them the problem remains.
Everything here is original, the charger and the battery!
When I plug my wall charger in the socket (also in the wall) I got the USB SLOW CHARGING!
With GB it never happened!
I also tested with my wife charger (she has a P970 with GB) and the problem remains.
I also exchange chargers, and the problem doesn't exists in her P970 with my charger.
Just to be clear, here I have 230v/50Hz.
Regards.
My chargers look like this one:
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Input: 100-240v / 50/60Hz / 0.2A
Output: 4,8v / 1 A
I tested now my samsung charger (I have a Galaxy Tab 2) and the problem remains.
The output of this chargar is 5v with 2A... i.e. the double of the LG charger! Slow charge warning persists!
agtpirrone said:
It never happened in GB because GB didn't had that slow charge notification, but it did charge very slowly through USB, though.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
this is kernel related ,, i experianced this in several kernels
rrgrrg said:
this is kernel related ,, i experianced this in several kernels
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you know any kernel (ICS V30) that doesn't have this issue?
Regards.
Does anyone know what parameters should be changed (inside kernel, zImage) to get rid of that slow charging warning?
I only get rid of that warning by using "blue leds - stock kernel" provided by tantrums in Marvel v11 and v12 ROMs. However, this kernel has a bug that freezes my phone sometimes. So I want to get a stock kernel and change only this setting...
Does anyone can help?
Regards.

Xperia Z dead(Reverse Polarity)

So i accidently plugged in the usb the wrong way and the phone shut off. Have tried every button combination and holding down the powerbutton numerous times with no success. Led light doesn't light up and have tried leaving it in the charger for various hours and used different chargers. My next step was to disassemble the phone and hope a battery pull did the trick but that didn't work. However when I disconnect the black battery connector and plug in a usb the red led lights up for about 15 seconds and dissapears.
anyone know any possible solutions? I think my battery might have fried
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Is there a way to jump the battery and hope that that works? I've jumped plenty of batteries on phones with removable batteries but I'm not sure if the Z has metal contacts for negative and positve
no one?
normally any device that has DC input (like usb) is secured with diodes so that even when a faulty charger is connected it doesn't fry. But that's my electrical knowledge speaking. Please reply when you found out what the problem is
laandennis said:
normally any device that has DC input (like usb) is secured with diodes so that even when a faulty charger is connected it doesn't fry. But that's my electrical knowledge speaking. Please reply when you found out what the problem is
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My One X did fry when I connected it to a car charger not too long ago
still no luck on this phone however
How did you even manage to connect the usb the wrong way? lol
wawyed said:
How did you even manage to connect the usb the wrong way? lol
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
**** happens lol what sucks is that as soon as it made contact the phone turned off
adolfo778 said:
My One X did fry when I connected it to a car charger not too long ago
still no luck on this phone however
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Alright thx for the info but maybe you had another problem with you charger and the transformation from 12V to 5V was bad, that can't be controlled with only a diode. Or maybe your One X hadn't any security internally because the manufacturer wanted to save money on that component / no place anymore to put it in the phone.
Think I have something similar..... Connected to car charger, led didn't go red,pushed charger in moved wire in phone charger goes off, phone won't start tried all button combos.
Sad bit is I only just got phone 3 days ago:banghead::banghead::banghead::banghead::banghead:
Sent from my C5303 using xda premium
Can anyone else comment on this? I recently did this and my Xperia Z will not turn on. Would replacing the battery work or is the damage related to the other internals?
Do you see any damage to the usb port?
ngvuanh said:
Do you see any damage to the usb port?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No I don't see any damage to the USB port.
I did the same to my xperia Z1 (reverse biased it using usb and 5 volts wires) The battery however had charge so as soon as I connected the phone restarted and could not charge any more. Any solution please ????
Might be an old post but I had the same problem. I was fixing a cable (18V) and I wanted the range the cable in the corner. I was so lazy to use a screw driver or something else. So I used what I have in my hand: The jack cable, plugged into my phone. So I used the bare part of the cable (Don't ask me why, I don't know). I don't remember if my phone restarted, but he was fine. But not my jack connector. When I plug an earphone it says that my earphones are not recognized. So I change it (by my self) But still the same problem...
Seems like the problem comes from somewhere else.
do you found the fried parts of your phone or fixed it ?
i have same issue today i connected an experimental cable (v+ was placed into gnd pin and gnd to v+) to my lumia 625 and it flashes then shut off immediately now it show no sign of life not charging not turning on
anyone knows what parts have been fried ?

Qi plus external battery

Ordered one of these today, big battery plus qi charging, should get it Tuesday, I'll report back with a quick review how it does with the turbo
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00J409JCM/ref=pe_385040_30332200_TE_item
Was looking to buy the same item. Let us know how it is. Specifically, if really charges ~10,000mAhr worth of battery. Thanks!
mikera67 said:
Ordered one of these today, big battery plus qi charging, should get it Tuesday, I'll report back with a quick review how it does with the turbo
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00J409JCM/ref=pe_385040_30332200_TE_item
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Got it in the mail yesterday, nice looking packaging, the instructions are a bit strange, think it was translated but not proof read, but not a big deal since there is just one button.
The qi charging is pretty neat, slower than ordinary chargers (all qi chargers are limited) but so much nicer to use the phone without having to plug and unplug device. Both usb ports claim 2.1a, one labeled Samsung, one Apple. Everything seems to work fine, will get better idea today after letting it full charge overnight.
How many times can you can fully charge your phone using this?
Depends if you use the usb or wireless, usb is roughly 90 percent effective, so that works mean only 9,000 mAh, so about twice fully charging the droid, wireless is roughly 70 percent effective, that's about 1 full charge and three quarters charge.
That's on paper, haven't fully tested yet, doubt I'll ever will, like knowing I have a fully charged device ready to go. I just charged my nexus 7 wifi from half full, charges pretty darn fast. Love the wireless charging, no need to plug phone in, slower charge but that's expected. It has worked with every device we own, 2 iPad's,2 iPhones,3 android phones,2 android tablets and a kindle, yes we own a bunch of electronics, three kids plus the wife and me, the biggest kid of them all!
Can it be used in a "bypass" mode as a dock? In other words, have it plugged into the wall and charge devices without it constantly charging the internal battery of the qi device.
Yes it can, it is different from my ankor 12,000 mAh external battery, if it's plugged in to charge it will charge it's battery and whatever you have plugged in, this one seems to only charge the phone when plugged in, when the phone is full it charges the battery.
Now that could be wrong, the charging lights on the battery can be confusing what is actually going on, it could be charging the external battery and whatever is plugged in, the device manual looks like it was crudely translated,I hear the company is releasing a new pdf with updated instructions, either way it doesn't effect me.
One of the best features over other batteries is a normal micro usb is all you need to charge it, the ankor has it's own brick, lose or break it the battery is useless. Really love this, owned several packs and this one goes everywhere with me, my Droid hasn't gone below 55% , just too easy to charge wireless, set the phone down, hit a button it charges, no cord to undo to use the phone, awesome
Just looked at the online faq, there is pass thru charging, plus I found out it has two modes by long pressing the only button, red light on wireless on, red light off,usb charging only, here is from the faq
Pass-Through Wired Charging: While the power bank is connected to a USB charger, long press the power button so that only the red LED is on. You can now use the USB1 (1A) jack to charge a device (USB2 is disabled due to insufficient current).Pass-Through Wireless Charging: While the power bank is connected to a USB charger, long press the power button so that only the red LED is on. Place a mobile device on top of the power bank, and align the center of its wireless receiver with that of the wireless transmitter within 2 cm (0.6 inch).
I don't know anything about qi charging and am just learning. Are there others out there like this? This looks really nice I'm just curious for comparison.

Question Possibility to lower charging speed / automatically stop the charging? (Without root)

Is there any way to automatically stop charging at, for example, 80% without root?
I would also be interested in determining for myself how fast the device is charged, as I use the same two 65 watt cables for everything (laptops, tablet, phones, headphones, ...) and the speed on this phone doesn't exactly feel healthy. Perhaps it is possible to give the required permissions via adb or twrp.
Tanaseda said:
Is there any way to automatically stop charging at, for example, 80% without root?
I would also be interested in determining for myself how fast the device is charged, as I use the same two 65 watt cables for everything (laptops, tablet, phones, headphones, ...) and the speed on this phone doesn't exactly feel healthy. Perhaps it is possible to give the required permissions via adb or twrp.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Stopping charging requires a device that has a hardware switch. No software will do it by itself. I recently read that such models have appeared, so look for information.
As for charging, smart chargers adjust the charging current according to the request from the battery controller.
Anyone knows if this option really works ?
From time to time I'm charging the phone overnight with slow charger, 5V, 1A. And sometimes on a morning I have 80% charged only... Will have to try a few more times to confirm. Or it is applying only for continuous charging ?
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
ze7zez said:
Stopping charging requires a device that has a hardware switch. No software will do it by itself. I recently read that such models have appeared, so look for information.
As for charging, smart chargers adjust the charging current according to the request from the battery controller.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I came to xiaomi from a sony 5 II and it had a function called "Battery Care", that would stop the charging at 80%, the battery is still in a very good condition, after two years.
veimus said:
Anyone knows if this option really works ?
From time to time I'm charging the phone overnight with slow charger, 5V, 1A. And sometimes on a morning I have 80% charged only... Will have to try a few more times to confirm. Or it is applying only for continuous charging ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
May I ask which device are you sending the screenshot from? and if it is an 11 ultra, how you reached this screen? Thanks!
phaker said:
I came to xiaomi from a sony 5 II and it had a function called "Battery Care", that would stop the charging at 80%, the battery is still in a very good condition, after two years.
May I ask which device are you sending the screenshot from? and if it is an 11 ultra, how you reached this screen? Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its a hidden menu in miui, can be opened by installing activity launcher and search for optimized charging, its there under security, i guess by default its on.
Tanaseda said:
Is there any way to automatically stop charging at, for example, 80% without root?
I would also be interested in determining for myself how fast the device is charged, as I use the same two 65 watt cables for everything (laptops, tablet, phones, headphones, ...) and the speed on this phone doesn't exactly feel healthy. Perhaps it is possible to give the required permissions via adb or twrp.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There's an app for that but i guess it needs root and 65W charger is not always charging at same power, phone will draw the charge according to its battery level.
Just root. You lose nothing. I use "AccA" to manage battery with root.
It is possible to set a charge percentage limit , but on custom rom , not Miui.
I recently switched to Evolution X rom (A12L based) and there's an option for that.

Categories

Resources