Related
i'm using aosp V5 ics rom
but i dont know why i can't connect with my computer today
i've enable usb debugging
but when i drag the status bar,only see two choice
1:USB debugging connected
select to disable USB debugging
2:connected as a media device
touch for other usb options
but it's still work on yesterday
there will have choice let me connect with my computer
but now not here....
THX!!!!
Doesn't anybody read the very first posts? It's a known bug.
Use Droid Explorer to connect PC to your Note.
i can't install
said:unable to find a version of the runtime to run this application
chasmodo said:
Doesn't anybody read the very first posts? It's a known bug.
Use Droid Explorer to connect PC to your Note.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
if you only want to access files from your note, then try kies air
AOSP V06 is out. try it. USB File transfer fixed(Internal Only)
still can't.....
i've flash v6
hi
first i most apologize for my bad english
i got a htc tattoo and i tried to upgrade it's rom to one of cyanogen's rom.
it has android 1.6 (original rom)
first i must root the device (by the instruction of the cyanogen team in their wiki)
i do some steps and near the end i dont know what happend ( i was coping the commands of adb to cmd)
then it completed or not i pluged out phone
after that each time i connct the usb to phone it just charge and no connecting to pc (i have windows 7)
i dont know what to do and i need to upgrade the rom
if someone knows what i must do tell me please
i am so new in android and i dont know nearly anything
tnx for ur help
i must also add this
on the starting of pc (turning on) if the phone is connected i see the options for htc sync and removable storage ... but after loading windows it goes away and the phone just charges;
i tried one another pc but ther was no connecting
Turn on Mass storage
george.baskharon said:
Turn on Mass storage
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i did this but not working
i even did hard reset to phone
Hi AEZ_BEST,
if i have understood well you actually have a stock rom (may be rooted) and htc_sync package installed on pc.
OK, trying this:
go there http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=950759 and download new version of 1-click root for tattoo (which occasionally you can use to easily root tattoo and install CWM recovery):
decompress dowloaded package into c:\rtatto folder
set tattoo to use ADB (android debug bridge) instead of mounting as a removable drive, it's possible but i not remember where the option is (sorry but two years and half that i not have stock rom installed ) and connect tattoo to pc [maybe it ask for ABD when you connect]
open cmd as administrator and issue these two commands
Code:
cd c:\rtatto
adb devices
it should reports you the list of attached devices
if your tattoo is in the list you can lately use adb to push the rom you wanna flash on sdcard.
Ops, i don't know if you have yet installed CWM recovery, if not look here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=27174485&postcount=129
bye
yen
_yen_ said:
Hi AEZ_BEST,
if i have understood well you actually have a stock rom (may be rooted) and htc_sync package installed on pc.
OK, trying this:
go there http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=950759 and download new version of 1-click root for tattoo (which occasionally you can use to easily root tattoo and install CWM recovery):
decompress dowloaded package into c:\rtatto folder
set tattoo to use ADB (android debug bridge) instead of mounting as a removable drive, it's possible but i not remember where the option is (sorry but two years and half that i not have stock rom installed ) and connect tattoo to pc [maybe it ask for ABD when you connect]
open cmd as administrator and issue these two commands
Code:
cd c:\rtatto
adb devices
it should reports you the list of attached devices
if your tattoo is in the list you can lately use adb to push the rom you wanna flash on sdcard.
Ops, i don't know if you have yet installed CWM recovery, if not look here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=27174485&postcount=129
bye
yen
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
every time i type adb devices in cm i dont get anything. the list is empty. no device attached it says.
and
the adb debgging mode is on.
if i have my phone connected then i can use ur typic (1 click root...)
so iwant to connect my phone first.
plz help
Change your USB cable
Hi AEZ_BEST;
one more try on another PC installing these usb drivers; http://goo.im/tools/drivers/USB_driver_20101122_release.zip
and trying with adb as in my praevious post (btw, when connecting to pc no notification message on tatto at all?)
Edit:
as kemoba say try also with another usb cable, standard mini usb cableshould work too
bye
yen
hi all.
i tried in 2 other pc s . but same resul
finally i reinstalled my windows seven!
then it worked
tnx to all of u
AEZ_BEST said:
hi all.
i tried in 2 other pc s . but same resul
finally i reinstalled my windows seven!
then it worked
tnx to all of u
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Next time use Ubuntu then
but i use Windows 7 too..never had the problem!
Look on Google play for a 3rd party USB mounter / connecter
Sent from my Desire HD using xda app-developers app
I have this strange problem:
when I connect my Samsung Galaxy S Advance to my PC, the phone is recognized and I can start downloading my pictures, but, after a while, the download is interrupted and phone is not recognized any more...
Symptoms:
- Phone detected at first time is not detected any more after a while.
- After detection failure, if I try to browse my phone content, either in phone or SD card memory, Windows Explorer freezes.
Tried solutions:
- I've tried disabling and enabling all Developer Options on my phone, but the problem persists.
- Also, I've noticed that, while my phone is connected and recognized by Windows, the command
Code:
adb devices
returns an empty list of devices.
These are my system characteristics:
Phone specs
- Model code: GT-I9070
- Android Version: 4.1.2 (Jelly Bean)
- Baseband: I9070XXLQE (Germany)
- Kernel: 3.0.31-1122398 [email protected] #2 SMP PREEMPT Tue Apr 9 14:55:54 KST 2013
- Version build: JZO54K.I9070XXLQE
- Root: NO
- SD Card: 8GB working and recognized
PC specs
- OS: Windows 7 64-bit
- Installed Software: Samsung Kies, SDK
What can I do?
Thank you very much!
Try reinstall the Kies driver...
Sent from my GT-I9070 using xda premium
i'm not an expert but i would try disabling samsung kies, reinstalling samsung drivers, then plugging cable in different usb port, also could be faulty cable, dirty connectors @ phone, firewall... :fingers-crossed:
edit: razvan wrote @ same time
I have the same problem, the connection is lost when you turn off the screen.
Now I can't even connect the phone to the PC, it is not recognized...
See this thread...
Help please.
If you have wi-fi use samba filesharing.
The problem is with your usb cable-usb port-windows
Control panel -device manager -print screen with universal serial bus controllers
Tarola said:
If you have wi-fi use samba filesharing.
The problem is with your usb cable-usb port-windows
Control panel -device manager -print screen with universal serial bus controllers
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Unfortunately I don't have Wi-Fi.
Yes, the problem must be with my USB cable, port or Windows.
I attach the screen-shots of the device manager.
ZioAlfredo said:
Unfortunately I don't have Wi-Fi.
Yes, the problem must be with my USB cable, port or Windows.
I attach the screen-shots of the device manager.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Tried to turn on usb debugging?
And on some other PC? Is it the same?
shut_down said:
Tried to turn on usb debugging?
And on some other PC? Is it the same?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, I've tried to turn on USB debugging but this PC doesn't even recognize the device... I've tried to install drivers from the device manager, without success.
On other PCs I have no problems.
ZioAlfredo said:
Yes, I've tried to turn on USB debugging but this PC doesn't even recognize the device... I've tried to install drivers from the device manager, without success.
On other PCs I have no problems.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Then some PC problem. If you have time and nerves - reinstall Windows on that PC. But first try other USB port or something. Rescan with antivirus...
shut_down said:
Them some PC problem. If you have time and nerves - reinstall Windows on that PC. But first try other USB port or something. Rescan with antivirus...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Unfortunately, reinstalling Windows on this PC is not an option.
I've tried to change USB port and the automatic driver installation gave the attached result: a partial error... still no recognition as MTP USB device
I cannot see the phone content in Windows Explorer... I don't know what I can do with the successfully installed device "SAMSUNG Android ADB Interface"...
I attach some more screen-shots of the connected and partially recognized Android device properties...
It seems that the modem function of the phone has been recognized by Windows, but I just need the USB storage feature!
ZioAlfredo said:
I attach some more screen-shots of the connected and partially recognized Android device properties...
It seems that the modem function of the phone has been recognized by Windows, but I just need the USB storage feature!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I see there is adb driver. Try with this: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2105707
shut_down said:
I see there is adb driver. Try with this: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2105707
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you, it worked for few seconds, then it did not find the device any more...
Thank You for your reply in that other topic. Now to this matter.
1. What option did you choose under lock screen? Swipe or None?
2. Even I have faced the problem and the solution i found was simple. This happens when our phone goes into deep sleep and to bring the files back you just need to unlock the phone. Just press the unlock or homescreen button and windows will start recognising the phone again.
Parameswaran Iyer said:
Thank You for your reply in that other topic. Now to this matter.
1. What option did you choose under lock screen? Swipe or None?
2. Even I have faced the problem and the solution i found was simple. This happens when our phone goes into deep sleep and to bring the files back you just need to unlock the phone. Just press the unlock or homescreen button and windows will start recognising the phone again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
1. None.
2. The screen is always on, Windows loses the connection without apparent reason in the first minute or so of connection. Now is even worse, I've just connected the device and I can't explore the phone folders because Windows just stopped recognizing the phone...
This is what I see in Windows Explorer after connecting the phone: Windows seems to lose connection to it, failing to find files and folders...
unmount your card and try again
Tarola said:
unmount your card and try again
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is good and works for re-establishing the connection when it is lost.
I'll tell you if this is the final solution or if the problem keeps showing up after a while.
ZioAlfredo said:
This is good and works for re-establishing the connection when it is lost.
I'll tell you if this is the final solution or if the problem keeps showing up after a while.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you scan your pc for a virus? If it works on other PC, then obviously it is a problem with the one you use.
Sent from my GT-I9070 using Tapatalk
Hi everybody,
I have a 64-bit PC with Windows 7 Ultimate Service Pack 1 and a Samsung Galaxy S Advance GT-I9070 with Android 4.1.2.
I can't install a driver in order to make Windows recognize correctly the phone when I connect it via USB cable.
I've installed and uninstalled Samsung Kies many times with no results. I've also tried some Samsung driver from Windows Update with no success...
When I connect the phone, it is recognized as a MTP Device and the driver installation starts, but always ends with an error, as shown in the attached screen-shot image.
What can I do?
Thank you very very much.
Note: in another PC with WinXP I have no problems.
Firstly make sure phone can run MTP (make sure if you delete MTP releated stuff in system you won't able connect it. Re-flash with Odin) Now if you don't have problem with phone then uninstall drivers & KIES from Windows. Don't just do a uninstall clear temp files, dll files, registry entries (you can use CCleaner) then install THIS DRIVERS.
explanation
King ov Hell said:
Firstly make sure phone can run MTP (make sure if you delete MTP releated stuff in system you won't able connect it. Re-flash with Odin) Now if you don't have problem with phone then uninstall drivers & KIES from Windows. Don't just do a uninstall clear temp files, dll files, registry entries (you can use CCleaner) then install THIS DRIVERS.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello, thank you for your answer.
How can I make sure my phone can run MTP?
For the complete uninstall, is it enough to run CCleaner, uninstall Kies and then perform the Registry Cleaner in CCleaner?
Thank you
ZioAlfredo said:
Hello, thank you for your answer.
How can I make sure my phone can run MTP?
For the complete uninstall, is it enough to run CCleaner, uninstall Kies and then perform the Registry Cleaner in CCleaner?
Thank you
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you root phone ? or installed a ROM or you just using it stock ?
I noticed something too; if you any have PIN or Password you have to unlock phone otherwise MTP not works. Unlock it and try too.
CCleaner will *probably* be enough but if you want to make sure go to regedit.exe and go to;
Code:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/
Then delete KIES & USB Driver stuff (don't delete system USB configs & drivers just Samsung's softwares )
EDIT: In start menu click to RUN (or whatever I don't now it's name in English, you're entering a text) Then write
Code:
%AppData%
Then delete KIES & Samsung folders and files.
I've just Updated the phone firmware from Android 2.3.6 to 4.1.2 with Samsung Kies on my WinXP PC.
I've deleted all Samsung Kies registry entries.
Now I'm going to install the driver you suggested...
Let me see results...
King ov Hell said:
Let me see results...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Failure... The same as always
ZioAlfredo said:
Failure... The same as always
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
...
I've also installed Windows MTP Porting Kit, but it still fails...
Any idea?..
I think it is the configuration of this PC, because in another brand new PC with Windows 7 I've installed Kies and it all went right.
ZioAlfredo said:
I've also installed Windows MTP Porting Kit, but it still fails...
Any idea?..
I think it is the configuration of this PC, because in another brand new PC with Windows 7 I've installed Kies and it all went right.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have you tried to reboot phone? I lost mtp after charging phone over wall charger. Everytime I need to reboot after charging to get it connected to pc.
Sent from my GT-I9070 using Tapatalk
This may be a bit silly but is important to ask.
Was your PC connected connected to the internet while installing the drivers??
Did you unplug your phone while the drivers were being installed??
anantttt said:
This may be a bit silly but is important to ask.
Was your PC connected connected to the internet while installing the drivers??
Did you unplug your phone while the drivers were being installed??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes to all.
shut_down said:
Have you tried to reboot phone? I lost mtp after charging phone over wall charger. Everytime I need to reboot after charging to get it connected to pc.
Sent from my GT-I9070 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've just tried to reboot the phone before connecting it to the PC, but I get the same error (see attachments).
Last year I managed to connect the phone to this PC, but, in any case the connection got interrupted after a while (see this thread).
I don't know what to do...
I had the same problem when i formatted my PC 2 days ago. I did some trial and error and it worked.
1. Dont use any USB Hub if you are using.
2. Remove the Pattern lock or any password security etc. Go to lock screen and select 'None'. (I dont know why but windows doesn't recognise if the device is locked)
3. Have Kies installed. Even new version worked for me. I used 2.5.13043_14
4.Connect your device with the USB cable (Should have MTP option selected which is by default)
5. Windows automatically recognises now and installs the necessary files.
P.S:- Remove the security pattern, etc. It really works.
If worked then pls reply.
Hello,
I've disable any screen lock on my phone and I've connected the USB cable to another USB port (a 3.0 USB port) and Windows magically recognized correctly the device! (no Kies installed, only drivers)
Anyway, after some minutes of usage (cut-paste of files). Windows stopped recognizing the device...
If I disconnect the phone and then connect it back, Windows still recognizes it, but I have few minutes until the device stops being recognized and no file on it can be read...
See attached pictures
ZioAlfredo said:
Hello,
I've disable any screen lock on my phone and I've connected the USB cable to another USB port (a 3.0 USB port) and Windows magically recognized correctly the device! (no Kies installed, only drivers)
Anyway, after some minutes of usage (cut-paste of files). Windows stopped recognizing the device...
If I disconnect the phone and then connect it back, Windows still recognizes it, but I have few minutes until the device stops being recognized and no file on it can be read...
See attached pictures
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you download newest version of drivers? I see in your screenshot it says 2012, on mine it is 2014.
Did you set Windows to gather drivers automaticaly from the internet?
shut_down said:
Did you download newest version of drivers? I see in your screenshot it says 2012, on mine it is 2014.
Did you set Windows to gather drivers automaticaly from the internet?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is how my PC recognizes my phone. The driver seems to be old, but I've configured Windows for downloading drivers automatically and that is all it can do.
Today, th PC did not recognized the phone at once. Then I unmounted and mounted back the MicroSD card and the PC recognized it.
But, after few seconds of folder browsing, the PC lost the connection. I'm thinking that the problem is the SD card.
Solved!
Solved!
It was the USB cable.
I replaced it with an original one and now it works.
Thank you everybody for your effort!
So I've got a 3T which currently has no OS installed, just the TWRP3.2.3-0. The problem is that every time I connect the phone to the PC, the PC will only recognise the phone as Unknown USB device (Device Descriptor Request Failed). Due to this I cannot use adb to transfer files to the phone or transfer files directly to the internal storage.
I have tried using Minimal adb but device isn't found, tried different USB ports and cables too. For some reason the recovery does not read devices attached to OTG as I have also tried to transfer files using this method.
Any suggestions as to what I can do to make my PC recognise this device? Thanks
first of all check your usb cable then use this op3/t tool
it will install all drivers, unlock, decrypt, install twrp and dm-verity issue solution
https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-3/oneplus-3--3t-cross-device-development/toolkit-root-recovery-drivers-t3651138
Hayatzada said:
first of all check your usb cable then use this op3/t tool
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
device isn't found, tried different USB ports and cables too
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So yeah.
@op USB port in the phone is damaged
Hayatzada said:
first of all check your usb cable then use this op3/t tool
it will install all drivers, unlock, decrypt, install twrp and dm-verity issue solution
https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-3/oneplus-3--3t-cross-device-development/toolkit-root-recovery-drivers-t3651138
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
But I cannot enable USB debugging since there is no OS installed, however I have not yet tested this program.
The USB port was working normally before the OS was removed. This problem started once there was no OS and just recovery. Is there truly no other way I can transfer the ROM to the phone? Thanks for your help
J-_-M-_-C said:
But I cannot enable USB debugging since there is no OS installed, however I have not yet tested this program.
The USB port was working normally before the OS was removed. This problem started once there was no OS and just recovery. Is there truly no other way I can transfer the ROM to the phone? Thanks for your help
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
while having TWRP installed pc should recognize your phone, if encrypted phone shows Oneplus 3 in my computer Location without showing internal storage,
Check your USB cable, then boot into fastboot(Boot loader By pressing Power & volume up button together while phone is in off state) connect your cable to pc and phone and run the tool, to install op3 driver select number from your pc
install driver (1)
unlock bootloader (3)
decrypt(10)
install twrp (5)
boot into TWRP from fastboot screen select recovery and reboot
Push superSU (7) (it'll copy superSU into internal memory) install supersu otherwise phone lose root and go back to encrypted state and you cant see internal storage in pc
reboot into recovery and copy your rom, gapps and Magisk 17.1, install them
You are done now
Hayatzada said:
while having TWRP installed pc should recognize your phone, if encrypted phone shows Oneplus 3 in my computer Location without showing internal storage,
Check your USB cable, then boot into fastboot(Boot loader By pressing Power & volume up button together while phone is in off state) connect your cable to pc and phone and run the tool, to install op3 driver select number from your pc
install driver (1)
unlock bootloader (3)
decrypt(10)
install twrp (5)
boot into TWRP from fastboot screen select recovery and reboot
Push superSU (7) (it'll copy superSU into internal memory) install supersu otherwise phone lose root and go back to encrypted state and you cant see internal storage in pc
reboot into recovery and copy your rom, gapps and Magisk 17.1, install them
You are done now
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you for this information, however I get as far as installing the drivers but the PC still shows phone as Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed) and therefore the program does not find the phone. Tried this on two different PC's.
Go to advance in TWRP then click on sideload and flash the os using sideload command i. e. adb sideload filename. zip
J-_-M-_-C said:
Thank you for this information, however I get as far as installing the drivers but the PC still shows phone as Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed) and therefore the program does not find the phone. Tried this on two different PC's.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
please please please check your cable
johnybravo.1981 said:
Go to advance in TWRP then click on sideload and flash the os using sideload command i. e. adb sideload filename. zip
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Since the phone is only recognised as Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed) in the the win10 Device Manager, fastboot devices does not find any attached devices and I cannot transfer files through ADB.
I have tested the cable I am using with another phone and I was able to transfer files to the other phone using the same USB cable.
J-_-M-_-C said:
Since the phone is only recognised as Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed) in the the win10 Device Manager, fastboot devices does not find any attached devices and I cannot transfer files through ADB.
I have tested the cable I am using with another phone and I was able to transfer files to the other phone using the same USB cable.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have the exact same problem as u my friend i had that problem so i just sideloaded my stock rom and searching for a method to fix this if u find a way to make the device recognised in twrp pls let me know
J-_-M-_-C said:
Since the phone is only recognised as Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed) in the the win10 Device Manager, fastboot devices does not find any attached devices and I cannot transfer files through ADB.
I have tested the cable I am using with another phone and I was able to transfer files to the other phone using the same USB cable.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just sideload dude. I came across the same issue 2 days ago.
Or flash using usb otg.
johnybravo.1981 said:
Just sideload dude. I came across the same issue 2 days ago.
Or flash using usb otg.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have tried using USB OTG but the recovery does not detect my connected usb drive. Regarding sideload, when I boot to recovery and select adb sideload, and connect the phone to my PC I get a USB device not recognised message. The commands adb devices and fastboot devices do not list my phone.
J-_-M-_-C said:
I have tried using USB OTG but the recovery does not detect my connected usb drive. Regarding sideload, when I boot to recovery and select adb sideload, and connect the phone to my PC I get a USB device not recognised message. The commands adb devices and fastboot devices do not list my phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try this guide if your phone detects as Qualcomm in device manager then proceed otherwise check your charging port (type c port) as you mention usb otg didn't detected and usb cable worked with other phones.
don't forget to clean your type c port if dirty or rusted. :good:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-3/how-to/guide-mega-unbrick-guide-hard-bricked-t3405700
Hayatzada said:
Try this guide if your phone detects as Qualcomm in device manager then proceed otherwise check your charging port (type c port) as you mention usb otg didn't detected and usb cable worked with other phones.
don't forget to clean your type c port if dirty or rusted. :good:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-3/how-to/guide-mega-unbrick-guide-hard-bricked-t3405700
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have tried to install the qualcomm driver but when I go to Device Manager -> Update Driver -> Have Disk and select the qcser.inf file I get the following message: "The folder you have specified does not contain a compatible software driver for your device. If the folder contains a driver, make sure it is designed to work with Windows for x64 based systems." I have disabled driver signature verification. No idea why nothing seems to be working.
J-_-M-_-C said:
I have tried to install the qualcomm driver but when I go to Device Manager -> Update Driver -> Have Disk and select the qcser.inf file I get the following message: "The folder you have specified does not contain a compatible software driver for your device. If the folder contains a driver, make sure it is designed to work with Windows for x64 based systems." I have disabled driver signature verification. No idea why nothing seems to be working.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
which method do you try? i suggest full method, first one didn't worked for me .
Hayatzada said:
which method do you try? i suggest full method, first one didn't worked for me .
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have tried Method 1 and arrived till step 6. Then when I try to select the file I get the error I mentioned in my previous post.
J-_-M-_-C said:
I have tried Method 1 and arrived till step 6. Then when I try to select the file I get the error I mentioned in my previous post.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
try to connect otg keyboard and type in TWRP advance section selecting terminal
if keyboard works, your type c port is ok otherwise change or repair the port
Hayatzada said:
try to connect otg keyboard and type in TWRP advance section selecting terminal
if keyboard works, your type c port is ok otherwise change or repair the port
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Tried to connect a keyboard with otg and it did not work with this phone. It worked fine using the same otg cable on another phone.
J-_-M-_-C said:
Tried to connect a keyboard with otg and it did not work with this phone. It worked fine using the same otg cable on another phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
now you should go for a hardware repair of Type C port
Hayatzada said:
now you should go for a hardware repair of Type C port
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I already said that at the beginning.