How do you load a custom rom? - Hero CDMA Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

I apologies if this has (see probably was) posted before, but after some searching I was unable to find anything.
I just rooted my HTC Hero for sprint and was interested in installing the Darchdroid 2.7 ROM. Problem is, I'm not entirely certain of how to do this since I am new to the process. Near as I can figure, you change the name of the zip file he provided to update and tell the phone to flash to that.
Rather than do that and brick my phone however, I'd prefer to get some kind of confirmation or at least some easy directions.
Again, sorry if this is bothering someone. I'm just quite new and don't want to kill my phone.

http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=674833

u dont have to rename it. read the post on his roms thread. it says how to do it

Related

Help The Noobs

Will someone be kind enough for all the noobs out there and post a complete video of how to get from a completely stock firmware to (well in this case) this hero build, or the newest, latest, or best working hero build. While showing the order to flash radios, spls, and such using the ADB. It will help out a lot of people trust me. And from the looks of all the noobs right now youll have so many views, subscribers, followers or whatever your motive is. Please help noobs out.
If you need it you can find some free desktop recorders to enhance your video here: http://download.cnet.com/windows/vid...ftware/?tag=bc
Completey safe downloads from cnet.
Remember stock to hero!
I would do this myself but i myself do not know how and am on my second g1.
Thank you!
i will have a go at making that over the weekend.
milestone.it said:
i will have a go at making that over the weekend.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks a billion. You dont know how much this will help people. Post a link here when your finished please
Since this thread is for the "noobs", I have a couple of questions to ask.
Excuse my not using the search fully. There are just so many threads and so many responses and none of them are completely clear.
If I were to root my phone with the latest Hero ROM that has flash playet 10, will I still need to upgrade the firmware to 1.5 or is this particular ROM built on 1.5 or what??
Also, does this latest Hero ROM have the famed HTC virtual keyboard or no??
OutstandingO said:
Since this thread is for the "noobs", I have a couple of questions to ask.
Excuse my not using the search fully. There are just so many threads and so many responses and none of them are completely clear.
If I were to root my phone with the latest Hero ROM that has flash playet 10, will I still need to upgrade the firmware to 1.5 or is this particular ROM built on 1.5 or what??
Also, does this latest Hero ROM have the famed HTC virtual keyboard or no??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Honestly idk but maybe someone will see this thread and answer that for you or you can start a new thread
There are quite a few videos out there already that show you how its done. Maybe not directly toHero but the whole process is the same - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDPFhJ9noLA
So instead of using JF 1.31, simply use the Hero ROM of your choice, rename it as "update.zip" and put it on the root of your SD card. Turn off your G1, hold the HOME button and press POWER to get into the Recovery image. Press ALT+W (to wipe) then ALT+S (to flash the ROM).
EDIT: I forgot some very crucial information >_< IF you are going to Hero from Stock you do require a few other things. Namely the new Radio and the new SPL (depending on which Hero ROM you pick). Make sure though that whatever you do, you upgrade the radio first to avoid bricking your G1. Look at my signature for links to what you need, like the Radio, SPL etc.
Wait patiently and all should be well...
@OutstandingO
Hero is basically Cupcake (1.5) but with a different interface created by HTC using custom code. So you just flash the Hero ROM of choice and that's it.
root video
OutstandingO said:
Since this thread is for the "noobs", I have a couple of questions to ask.
Excuse my not using the search fully. There are just so many threads and so many responses and none of them are completely clear.
If I were to root my phone with the latest Hero ROM that has flash playet 10, will I still need to upgrade the firmware to 1.5 or is this particular ROM built on 1.5 or what??
Also, does this latest Hero ROM have the famed HTC virtual keyboard or no??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
YouTube has plenty of view on rooting that's where I learned how to do it, they also have the files u need to root it right there for u to download. Just search it and u will find it. The guy who's vid I followed is tony moreno look for his bids. I don't recommend jumping from 1.1 to hero. Go from 1.0 to 1.1 then jump to 1.5. Also hero is built from 1.5. I myself have tried it but even with all the optimizing its not fast enough for me. It also has the famed HTC IME keyboard. I myself use JF 1.5 APD. With the Hero theme in the themes section with the HTC keyboard. Flash would be nice but it still has issues with speed and force closings. Like I said YouTube the rooting process and search around the thread for other stuff like and and how to use fastboot.
I forgot some crucial information, namely to upgrade the Radio first and that you might need to upgrade the SPL. Have edited my post.
That is in part something that threw me for a loop.
I've seen multiple vids for rooting but none of them seem to address this whole "Radio" issue that you brought up and the steps surrounding that. From what I have been reading this is the most important part.
I love this site but the type of people that post here are guys that already know what their doing in most cases and they speak and post as such.
So have I ever developed an app for the G1, no, but I'm not Danny Dunderhead either. I can read a set of instructions if laid out for me.
So I ask you more experienced gentlemen, can someone either post a link or give me step by step help in checking my "radio", upgrading my "radio" and then installing the ROM??
I would greatly appreciate it.
I did it! I bricked my G1!
Yeah, well...what can you do. I read over the posts here, watched youtube videos, and searched the web as well. Read and viewed everything I could until I couldn't take it anymore. Then...I tried. Tried and failed? No, tried and died.
MAN, I WANT HERO! I am more jealous with every video I see. I don't care if it's a little slow. It is pure Android beauty. But...
There is so much information out there, not just at this forum, but all over the net. And although there are many similarities between the instructions (I use that term loosely for some), many have different steps so it's hard to tell which to follow. Apparently taking what you feel are the best from each is not the way to go. Really, I'm not stupid about these things...well...
So, here is where I started; a T-Mobile G1 running the latest OTA 1.5 update and the 2.22.19.26I radio software. Used Parted Magic to create a 5GB FAT32 and a 1GB EXT2 partition on the SD card. I downloaded everything I though I would need or could find. The original boot and recovery img's along with RC29, RC30, and Cupcake zips. Then I got HardSPL and a bunch of files from Hayruko. I got JeseusFreke, CyanogenMod, and JACHero stuff. Hell, someone said to download the Telnet.apk and put it on the SD card as well. Did that. I found a great thread for installing the JACHero, but it did not go into rooting your phone first. Did that need to be done? I guessed it did. So I started there. Downgraded nicely to RC29. That was easy. Then even went through the telnet and terminal emulator steps. Then trouble. Which recovery.img to use? Some instructions reference the testkeys and some don't when rooting. Figured I would do it that way. So I went through those steps. Loaded CyanogenMods 1.3.1 and 1.33.2005 SPL on the SD card. Flashed (I thought) the recovery.img. Rebooted to get ready to install the SPL. Stuck at t-Mobile G1 now! They really do call it a brick for a reason.
So now that I got that off my chest, a few questions. First, I want to run HERO. I want it! However, I would like to make a request this time. Could someone please post step by step instructions for taking a stock G1 to the JACHero 2.3.4 release. Not just "flash the recovery and SPL" files. I would like more detailed directions. If you know of a good link to send me, please tell me. I thank you in advance for your time. I know it's a real pain in the ---, but I promise I will pass your knowledge along to another such as I!
A few questions first. I believe the steps are something like this:
1. Downgrade to RC29.
2. Copy recovery_teskeys.img and some recovery.img along with some SPL update.zip file to the SD card and "load" them properly. Which files should you use (does it matter), which order should you do it and how?
3. How do I do a Nandroid backup at this point? Do I need/want to?
4. Do I wipe now? Need to ever? Doesn't the image overwrite everything anyway?
4. Copy update.zip (the renamed JACHero 2.3.4 zip file) to the SD card and load it. Do you need to load any other image first other than JACHero 2.3.4.?
5. Enjoy HTC Hero goodness!
I know I am asking a lot, but I need the steps so I can replicate this easily. I am going to want to do this a lot based on what I see out there. Always something new to try and a lot of great developers out there. Thank you in advance for all of your time and effort. I promise to pass it along.

a little nervous to rrot

First of all I'd like to apologize because I'm sure this has been covered already but I just feel more comfortable asking myself.
I have had my g1 for a couple of months now and I'm starting to get all itchy for root for all the obvious reasons. I hoping someone can answer some questions or point me in the right direction.
I have ota CRB43 build on my phone. I see LOTS of different instructions for rooting.. I'm wondering what one I should go by. I also notice some people say to take out the SD card instead of mounting to prevent possibly bricking your phone... should I do that or is it better to mount with the usb? And after following whatever instructions is there anything else necessary to do?
I was also interested in what themes people are using. Can I jump right into that after rooting or is there something else I will need to do. Any links for themes you are using would be great also.
Thanks so much… I really appreciate it.. Thought I had more questions.. If I remember anything else I’ll update.
I used Gizmodo's guide - very simple and clear.
http://gizmodo.com/5146797/how-to-hack-android-for-multitouch-web-browsing-on-the-t+mobile-g1
If you follow it step-by-step you'll wind up with an old build, but you'll have root and be ready to step up to any new build. New builds are easy once you've rooted - rename to update.zip and flash using recovery (explained in the guide above).
You'll also want to get the newest radio (after rooting per directions above) - Download the ota-radio-2_22_19_26I.zip file from http://www.htc.com/www/support/android/adp.html#s3 -- Rename to update.zip and flash as usual.
And I had absolutely no problems mounting the SD Card via the phone itself. Just make sure you cleanly eject the card from your PC every time, to avoid corruption.
And let me suggest CyanogenMod for your build.. Simply the fastest and most stable Android build out there - "official" firmware included.
Thanks a lot for your response! It was helpful and I checked out your link.. I was looking at -
http://androidsocialmedia.com/root-access/android-g1-root-access-why-how
originally, but I think they look similar. Thanks for the radio info as well.. anything else besides that I'll need to update?
let me ask one more thing- what's the difference between CyanogenMod and the others available?
thanks again for your help!
sole3s said:
Thanks for the radio info as well.. anything else besides that I'll need to update?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, I did skip the SPL - Some ROMS require a different SPL (Secondary Program Loader/Launcher, I think..) to free up additional space on the device. Mostly the Hero based ROMs. I haven't touched any of those, need someone else to help there.
sole3s said:
let me ask one more thing- what's the difference between CyanogenMod and the others available?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Cyanogen is tweaking the heck out of Android - endlessly enhancing it for performance and stability. Cyanogen has a few visual tweaks but mostly it looks like stock Android with all the improvements under the hood.
The other builds.. Mostly visual, in my opinion. They all have fans though, check out the threads under Development for more details. Also, the Android ROM Database - http://www.simonwalkerphotos.com/android/android_build_information.asp
Dude, thanks so much for all this info.. http://www.simonwalkerphotos.com/and...nformation.asp was really helpful.
last question I'm gonna ask.. if i hard reset do is it going to unroot my phone?
Again.. you were really helpful! I appreciate it so much!
Nope it will not unroot you're phone
No, you'll just go back to a fresh version of whatever ROM you have installed. However, some ROMs (Like Cyanogen) put some apps in the /data folder, so a wipe could break the ROM. Typically it is better to flash after a wipe. But you won't loose root either way.
Only way I know how to loose root is to flash a none rooted ROM.
The only thing I would do is avoid the DangerSPL until you either need it or know what you are doing. Otherwise its pretty much hard to brick your phone unless your trying to with a low battery.
I'd just like to take a second to thank everyone for their help, especially Saiboogu. Like I said in the first post, I'm sure this stuff was covered somewhere but this really made me feel a bit more confident. Thanks for not flaming me... I'm actually a bit surprised at the friendly responses... again thanks everyone.
Most likely I'll be able to get around to rooting on monday or tuesday.. I'll post updates just for the fun of it.
Take it easy guys
Lol well you posted it in the right section. Of course you are going to get help
What alritewhadeva said .. You ask in the right place, we'll help. You're off to a good start.

Help a newb get on his way w/ Rooted G1

My G1 is rooted and I have updated it to RC33. (during the process, I used HARDSPL)
1. If I plan on using a theme from Drizzy (champion V2) do I still need to do the cupcake update AND the radio update?
2. Is installing this theme as simple as renaming the .zip to "update" and dragging it to SD card. THEN, do I Alt+W, or only Alt+S when I get to restore screen?
Please help if I am way off.
stevedawg85 said:
My G1 is rooted and I have updated it to RC33. (during the process, I used HARDSPL)
1. If I plan on using a theme from Drizzy (champion V2) do I still need to do the cupcake update AND the radio update?
2. Is installing this theme as simple as renaming the .zip to "update" and dragging it to SD card. THEN, do I Alt+W, or only Alt+S when I get to restore screen?
Please help if I am way off.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you are going to use a theme, you need to make sure the theme is intended for that specific rom. You should always update your radio, without updating it you will have BT problems and possibly dropped calls. If you have Cyanogens recovery 1.4 you don't have to rename anything to update any more cause it can flash any .zip file. And you don't have to wipe before flashing a theme.
Thanks for the help.
How do I find out which rom I have and which rom's the .zip support?
I followed a youtube tutorial from anthonymoreno24 and these are the files I used:
Recovery image & HARDSPL from:
http://koushikdutta.blurryfox.com/G1RootWalkthrough/
I will update to cupcake during lunch (I have to use friends SIM cuz I have no data plan )
--------------
EDIT:
Just found this, do I follow these instructions after I update to Cupcake?:
Download image (right-click, save as): http://n0rp.chemlab.org/android/cm-recovery-1.4.img
MD5Sum: f5135a878c705215f4012786e4261cfe
To install image: copy it to your sdcard and run:
Code:
flash_image recovery /sdcard/cm-recovery-1.4.img
If you have problems with a "no space on device" error, try using fastboot and erasing first:
Code:
fastboot erase recovery
fastboot flash recovery cm-recovery-1.4.img
So have you not even loaded any rom yet? If you go to about phone under settings whats the info say?
Sorry, Im a newb, I'm literally following step by step instructions from the youtube vid
FW: 1.1
baseband: 62.33xxxx_1.22xxxx
kernel:2.6.xx-xxx-gfea
[email protected] #1 (kool!!! just noticed this )
Build: kila-user 1.1 PLAT-RC33 126XXXX-xxxwordsxxx
This help? what specific info you need?
Bud, you are a long way off. Drizzy's is not a theme, it is a hero rom which I would not suggest you try since it needs the danger spl and I can see a brick happening already, download cyanogen 4.02 rom and flash that and stick with it before you consider anything else, read the sticky's at the begining of each forum here to get an idea of how android works instead of relaying on a couple month old out of date video. A lot has changed since that was made. Oh and make sure that your file you want to flash is in the root of your sdcard and not in a sub folder otherwise it won't work, biggest thing make a nandroid backup in cm-recovery 1.4
gridlock32404 said:
Bud, you are a long way off. Drizzy's is not a theme, it is a hero rom which I would not suggest you try since it needs the danger spl and I can see a brick happening already, download cyanogen 4.02 rom and flash that and stick with it before you consider anything else, read the sticky's at the begining of each forum here to get an idea of how android works instead of relaying on a couple month old out of date video. A lot has changed since that was made. Oh and make sure that your file you want to flash is in the root of your sdcard and not in a sub folder otherwise it won't work, biggest thing make a nandroid backup in cm-recovery 1.4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Took the words right out of my mouth.
OP: If you want to flash anything hero related you need to read read read, if you are asking questions like this, and are this confused then you shouldn't/aren't ready to go hero. Try cyanogen or jacxrom (if you want a different look, it has a nice theme built into it) and after a week or 2 of studying them give hero a shot.
Has anyone else noticed how many people have been posting sh*t like this lately? It seems like noone can read anything anymore and wants us to give them specialized instructions instead of using the GUIDE's like we all did.
crpercodani said:
Took the words right out of my mouth.
OP: If you want to flash anything hero related you need to read read read, if you are asking questions like this, and are this confused then you shouldn't/aren't ready to go hero. Try cyanogen or jacxrom (if you want a different look, it has a nice theme built into it) and after a week or 2 of studying them give hero a shot.
Has anyone else noticed how many people have been posting sh*t like this lately? It seems like noone can read anything anymore and wants us to give them specialized instructions instead of using the GUIDE's like we all did.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Agreed. I've noticed that people are like how to I root!?!? I'm such a n00b. There is plenty of literature out there and should learn how like the rest of us did. If you need to be babied into root maybe you shouldn't have root.. or let someone else do it.
agreed
I rooted my phone a couple months ago without asking any ?s, I have still not asked a ? Yet, before I even got my phone, I studied up on it, there is a ton of info and a lot is in the stickysand has been covered countless times. Now it is even easier to root and flash your phone than ever but the problem is people are following videos and blogs that do not provide enough info. I was lucky to find xda back when I had my wing so I knew right were to go from the begining. If people just took notice to the info here they would have no problem at all
gridlock32404 said:
I rooted my phone a couple months ago without asking any ?s, I have still not asked a ? Yet, before I even got my phone, I studied up on it, there is a ton of info and a lot is in the stickysand has been covered countless times.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I completely agree, I too read the tutorials many times before I got my phone !
And when I got the phone, I invested almost 2 days ( around 20 hrs) to try different things (Thanks to all for providing guides to everything) and now I am running a fantastic ROM with root.
It feels much better now that instead of asking "How, Why,etc), I am writing "THANK YOU ALL" for fantastic guides and tutorials !
crpercodani said:
Took the words right out of my mouth.
OP: If you want to flash anything hero related you need to read read read, if you are asking questions like this, and are this confused then you shouldn't/aren't ready to go hero. Try cyanogen or jacxrom (if you want a different look, it has a nice theme built into it) and after a week or 2 of studying them give hero a shot.
Has anyone else noticed how many people have been posting sh*t like this lately? It seems like noone can read anything anymore and wants us to give them specialized instructions instead of using the GUIDE's like we all did.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
FYI, JACxROM requires Haykuro's SPL to run properly as well. If you're using the HardSPL, then your best choice is Cyan's 4.03 or enomther's rooted version of the stock Cupcake CRC1 build.
my bad, I guess since I flashed haykuros spl and the new radio when I first rooted I never relized you needed it for the xrom.
crpercodani said:
my bad, I guess since I flashed haykuros spl and the new radio when I first rooted I never relized you needed it for the xrom.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, actually even the devs didn't realize this until a couple of us did some experimenting. Fortunately, I had two G1s and the only difference with them were the SPLs... one worked and one didn't.

Noob Question?

so I got a samsung galaxy s captivate SHG-I896 from rogers and I really want to root it, i have z4root installed, but im hesitating. because i dont want to brick my phone, i have had an apple device, jailbroke a bunch, no problems of brick but android is a whole different story, so i would appreciate a few pointers, sorry for posting such a noobish question
Not sure about the Rogers version, but with the 897, if anything goes wrong, ODIN will return it to factory.
I have the Rogers Captivate as well, I was a little hesitant before I did it too but myself and a bunch of my friends that have the phone have done it with no issues at all. Do the permanent root, if it freezes then just pull the battery, reboot and try again. It took me at least twice to root it but it's remarkably easy. If anything really major goes wrong you can always boot to recovery and wipe data but I seriously doubt you'll need to. I'm just speaking from experience so don't blame me if anything buggers it up but to be honest it's not as easy to brick it as you might think.
Just go for it.
just rooted it
i just rooted my captivate with z4root, can any one give me any like tips/warnings/shoulds/shouldnts
Should:
- Get Titanium Backup and batch backup everything. This app will make your life so much easier and hassle free.
- Also, just be careful and don't go crazy with installing stuff you don't know about. Do your due diligence before flashing anything or installing any app or lag fix. Figure out exactly how it's done before you do it. This might sound basic and common sense but from the short time I've been here I've seen a fair few people complain of bricking their phone just because they didn't follow directions that were pretty clear from the onset.
Enjoy!
how to flash
im looking around the forums so, i copied this from the darky rom post:
HOW TO FLASH
1. Place the ROM on the root of your SD card.
2. Backup your apps using Titanium Backup.
3. Open ROM Manager (Downloadable from the market)
4. Choose "Install ROM from SD card". If after you flash and you have problems like force closes and you can't receive calls, wipe data/cache.
5. Let the phone sit for 5-10 minutes after booting.
6. Have fun!
is that all u have to do? no holding buttons and booting into some menu?
also will these roms work for 2.1 rogers version captivate? Because i checked on the wiki for the captivate rogers version and it said something about "optionally change the model in the update-script from SGH-i897 to SGH-i896"
I'm not the best person to ask about this unfortunately but from what I've read this is definitely one way to flash a new rom. Whether you're currently on 2.1 seems to be irrelevant as the rom will act as your new version of Android as it were.
A few things I've read, make sure you have access to both recovery and download modes, if anything happens you'll probably need to flash back with Odin so learn more about that before you proceed.
Best to start here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=884364
And finish by reading the remaining stickies and make sure of any special instructions for whatever rom you want to install.
I haven't flashed because, and this sounds strange, I don't actually have access to a computer at my house so I can't use Odin as easily to fix any issues that might occur so I haven't tried yet.
I'll step out and let someone else handle your flashing questions.
If you read the Q&A sticky it would've answered your questions.

[Q] ROM Manager help....

Hi guys.
I want to get into rom flashing, but to be honest I find it rather confusing to say the least.
It would appear that ROM manager seems to be the easiest way to flash my phone correct?
Am I right in saying that all I need to do is download whichever rom I wish to install, rename it to "install .zip", put this file on the internal SD (not quite sure where exactly), then use ROM manager to flash, then it's done?
Is this the safest way of doing a flash?
Sorry for the noob questions.
You shud read your previous post dude
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA
Omarjivraj said:
You shud read your previous post dude
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks mate. I did, but I'm interested in trying other roms other than 2.3.6.
Darren K said:
Hi guys.
I want to get into rom flashing, but to be honest I find it rather confusing to say the least.
It would appear that ROM manager seems to be the easiest way to flash my phone correct?
Am I right in saying that all I need to do is download whichever rom I wish to install, rename it to "install .zip", put this file on the internal SD (not quite sure where exactly), then use ROM manager to flash, then it's done?
Is this the safest way of doing a flash?
Sorry for the noob questions.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I thought ROM manager took all that out of it. All you need to do is make sure your on latest CWM (which is does for you before you can download, i believe) and then you pick your download. Once it finishes it asks you whether you want to install and it does it all for you...
There is no "safe" way to flash. Something can always go wrong. I advise you follow the directions on the threads of your chosen rom. That way you can learn of the current bugs, the best way to flash based on your current situation (GB, Stock, another ICS etc) and what you may need to do before hand e.g. wipe/factory reset
If you have any questions on a particular installation method search the forum and the thread. If you cant find it then ask within the thread of your chosen rom.
Usually if its another rom i believe the best thing to do is wipe/factory reset from recovery menu and then choose zip from sd card. (But you still shoud read the first 2 pages and last 3 pages of the thread)
Talon26 said:
I thought ROM manager took all that out of it. All you need to do is make sure your on latest CWM (which is does for you before you can download, i believe) and then you pick your download. Once it finishes it asks you whether you want to install and it does it all for you...
There is no "safe" way to flash. Something can always go wrong. I advise you follow the directions on the threads of your chosen rom. That way you can learn of the current bugs, the best way to flash based on your current situation (GB, Stock, another ICS etc) and what you may need to do before hand e.g. wipe/factory reset
If you have any questions on a particular installation method search the forum and the thread. If you cant find it then ask within the thread of your chosen rom.
Usually if its another rom i believe the best thing to do is wipe/factory reset from recovery menu and then choose zip from sd card. (But you still shoud read the first 2 pages and last 3 pages of the thread)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What is the CWM, and why do I need that?
CWM = colockworkmod. Its basically the a new recovery menu that gives you more freedom to what you can do whilst in the menu. You have it on non-rooted devices (stock firmware/samsung firmware) but as i said it provides more freedom. I believe almost every rom uses a version of it, either adapted or not.
Im not sure you will be able to use ROM manager on a device that is not yet rooted (rooted means you have administrative privileges like in windows). You will need root access as you will be changing the system files which if done incorrectly will cause something to go wrong. Which is why you wish to use ROM manager. TBH is very hard to do something wrong with the SGS and not be able to come back from it to have a fully capable phone again.
Don't rush into anything though. Don't root or flash anything without knowing the risks and what could happen, and in-turn what needs to be done to correct it. If you know this then usually you will understand what went wrong and how to fix it.
Sorry for leaving all these long messages, just trying to be clear

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