Chromecast BSOD - Google Chromecast

I managed to get two Chromecasts from Amazon via relatives in the USA. The one at my sons house installed and worked immediately. Very impressed down in sunny Southampton.
In my case, I've got mine plugged into a Toshiba 37X3030D TV, which is full 1080p. However, all I get is a blue screen and no sound on either of he two HDMI ports.
I've managed to install it blind using the Chromecast app on my MacBook Air (at least after I turned AP Isolation off on my Netgear router), and both my Mac and Chromebook Pixel think they are successfully streaming to it.
Any ideas what could be wrong? Any help, guidance or pointers would be really appreciated.

Sounds like it's time to call Google or Customer Support... can't fix hardware issues and so far this thing isn't hacked open very much to look at any software problems.

IanWaring said:
I managed to get two Chromecasts from Amazon via relatives in the USA. The one at my sons house installed and worked immediately. Very impressed down in sunny Southampton.
In my case, I've got mine plugged into a Toshiba 37X3030D TV, which is full 1080p. However, all I get is a blue screen and no sound on either of he two HDMI ports.
I've managed to install it blind using the Chromecast app on my MacBook Air (at least after I turned AP Isolation off on my Netgear router), and both my Mac and Chromebook Pixel think they are successfully streaming to it.
Any ideas what could be wrong? Any help, guidance or pointers would be really appreciated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Has it done a software update yet? Lots of people were having issues with it working in their HDMI ports, until the software updates were pushed to it.

Have you tried doing a factory reset?

Seen the Chrome logo briefly!
Did a reboot using the Mac Chromecast app and briefly saw the Chrome logo on restart - then back to the blue screen.
I can't see what version of the firmware it's running, as neither the Mac app or anything on my Pixel or iOS devices can relay this data.
My sons one worked first time on his, so I will call Toshiba support next working day to see if they have firmware > 2.9 for my 37X3030D, hoping that may fix things. The TV should work on all the various US and UK line resolutions, 418i to 1080p. And will leave the Chromecast on just in case it picks up any updates.

Try doing the factory reset, not a reboot, using the button on the Chromecast next to the power cable. Press it for 15 - 20 seconds while it is powered up.

Done that
maelias said:
Try doing the factory reset, not a reboot, using the button on the Chromecast next to the power cable. Press it for 15 - 20 seconds while it is powered up.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Chrome logo appears, spins, and then back to BSOD colour. Stil on the 12840 release though...

Fixed!
I rebooted the Chromecast this morning and it did a software update - with all progress viewable on the screen. On completion, up it came, Ready to cast. So, very happy, all working fine.

Related

Chromecast to 60" lcd toshiba smart tv.

hey guys, just got my Chromecast and works perfect in my 40" tv. but when I plug it into my new 60" toshiba smart tv the screen image is there but the whole picture is pink/purple. any ideas?
Sounds like you have a bad HDMI port or TV.
Hey, I'm having the same exact problem you are having. I have a 55" Toshiba Smart Tv and I originally purchased the chromecast on the first day it went on sale, came home and found everything to be in shades of Pink/purple. I returned it thinking it was a problem with the device since I've never had any problems with HDMI ports on the TVs and just got another chromecast device today and the SAME THING HAPPENED! I've tried all ports and the chromecast does not work on any (my blu-ray and other HDMI connected devices work fine on all of them ). Please let me know if you find a solution.
Thank you.
cottageboy said:
hey guys, just got my Chromecast and works perfect in my 40" tv. but when I plug it into my new 60" toshiba smart tv the screen image is there but the whole picture is pink/purple. any ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
4niner said:
Hey, I'm having the same exact problem you are having. I have a 55" Toshiba Smart Tv and I originally purchased the chromecast on the first day it went on sale, came home and found everything to be in shades of Pink/purple. I returned it thinking it was a problem with the device since I've never had any problems with HDMI ports on the TVs and just got another chromecast device today and the SAME THING HAPPENED! I've tried all ports and the chromecast does not work on any (my blu-ray and other HDMI connected devices work fine on all of them ). Please let me know if you find a solution.
Thank you.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you have an HDMI audio receiver you can also just plug it into an HDMI port there too. I have mine plugged into my sony 7.2 receiver. Works fine, CEC and all.
Toshiba 47L6200U - same problem
4niner said:
Hey, I'm having the same exact problem you are having. I have a 55" Toshiba Smart Tv and I originally purchased the chromecast on the first day it went on sale, came home and found everything to be in shades of Pink/purple. I returned it thinking it was a problem with the device since I've never had any problems with HDMI ports on the TVs and just got another chromecast device today and the SAME THING HAPPENED! I've tried all ports and the chromecast does not work on any (my blu-ray and other HDMI connected devices work fine on all of them ). Please let me know if you find a solution.
Thank you.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I am also having this issue on my Toshiba Smart TV (Toshiba 47L6200U). Wanted to add that at one point I switched from USB power on the television to the wall charger, and the Chromecast went through an update during which time the progress wheel was in full color. Once it finished the picture then changed back to purple. Unfortunately I have no other devices to try to plug it into but there does appear to be a pattern with these sets.
Unfortunately I don't have a receiver and hadn't planed on getting one for this set up. I've never been able to connect the TV to the internet to perform any firmware updates so perhaps this may help? I'm really not sure. I also have seen that once it is updating - the rotating wheel is in the normal proper colors, however once it reverts back to the setup/welcome screen - it goes back to the shades of pink. I called up google and they said they've not heard of it so it seems to be a problem solely with the Toshiba XXL6200U series TV's. Have any of y'all performed the firmware updates?
gottahavit said:
If you have an HDMI audio receiver you can also just plug it into an HDMI port there too. I have mine plugged into my sony 7.2 receiver. Works fine, CEC and all.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
4niner said:
Unfortunately I don't have a receiver and hadn't planed on getting one for this set up. I've never been able to connect the TV to the internet to perform any firmware updates so perhaps this may help? I'm really not sure. I also have seen that once it is updating - the rotating wheel is in the normal proper colors, however once it reverts back to the setup/welcome screen - it goes back to the shades of pink. I called up google and they said they've not heard of it so it seems to be a problem solely with the Toshiba XXL6200U series TV's. Have any of y'all performed the firmware updates?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Out of curiosity did you try the HDMI extender that came with your ChromeCast in case it is a connection issue?
I have the same TV, but have not received my chromecast yet. I'm wondering if it may be hdmi cec is off or on? I read up on this more and it may be the hdmi handshake that is causing the issue. It says to swap ends, try another cable etc.
gottahavit said:
Out of curiosity did you try the HDMI extender that came with your ChromeCast in case it is a connection issue?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
zires said:
I have the same TV, but have not received my chromecast yet. I'm wondering if it may be hdmi cec is off or on? I read up on this more and it may be the hdmi handshake that is causing the issue. It says to swap ends, try another cable etc.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried using the extender that came with it, and also another one I had laying around the house. Neither of them worked.
I'm not really tech savvy so not sure what CEC is or how to turn it on or off. Getting frustrated trying to do the firmware update as well. I connected a USB with the firmware update on the root menu but for some reason the TV isn't recognizing the usb.
4niner said:
I tried using the extender that came with it, and also another one I had laying around the house. Neither of them worked.
I'm not really tech savvy so not sure what CEC is or how to turn it on or off. Getting frustrated trying to do the firmware update as well. I connected a USB with the firmware update on the root menu but for some reason the TV isn't recognizing the usb.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Cec is in the TV settings. Menu (on remote ), preferences, hdmi cec control setup, turn it on and see what happens.
Sent from my SPH-L710 using Tapatalk 4
Same issue
cottageboy said:
hey guys, just got my Chromecast and works perfect in my 40" tv. but when I plug it into my new 60" toshiba smart tv the screen image is there but the whole picture is pink/purple. any ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have an old 2007 vintage Toshiba 37X3030DB. If you have the Chromecast plugged into HDMI-2 (Digital only port), select that as the input port, then power on the Chromecast, it completely works as expected. However, change back to HDMI-1, then back to HDMI2 using the Toshiba remote, you get a permanent blue screen - even though the Chromecast thinks it's working.
Placed a tech support call with Toshiba UK to see if updated firmware beyond 2.9 will help...
I have a 2006 Westinghouse (it was one of the very first 1080P TV available). I have had issues with Pink screen screen with various HDMI devices. Usually turning the TV off and back on will fix the pink screen, usually on the first try though not always.
With the Chromecast this seem to work, but not anymore. It may or may not have to do with the update to FW 13300, I can't say for sure. But sadly the pink screen is more persistent now.
My Chromecast is connected to my Pioneer receiver and I found that if s switch back and fourth with another input I can eventually get rid of the pink screen. I works best if I wait and let the input receive a signal and at time it does take me several attempts before it works.
So just something to try.
don't know if this is related, but sometimes when you have a loose connection on say a pc monitor you will get a pink screen, it could be that the connection to your guys tv isnt fitting all the way in, might want to take a closer look. it could be that the mini usb thats connected to the Chromecast is weighing down on the chromecast and making it loose and thus creating the pink screen, might wanna look closer at the connection.
im trying to cast from computer.. chromebrowser, has worked perfect earlier. but now the picture is pink.. sounds work good... the chromecast background pictures shows fine when not casting anything...
If I use the built in cast option in youtube.com it was great.. but not when casting the whole page in chromebrowser..
i have a really bad connection at home, but it has worked on that before
cowsick said:
im trying to cast from computer.. chromebrowser, has worked perfect earlier. but now the picture is pink.. sounds work good... the chromecast background pictures shows fine when not casting anything...
If I use the built in cast option in youtube.com it was great.. but not when casting the whole page in chromebrowser..
i have a really bad connection at home, but it has worked on that before
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is my exact issue.
It isn't the HDMI port, it isn't faulty, or else every device would show the pink hue. The dongle itself isn't broken or else everything would be pink and not just tabs that are cast, like cowsick said, Youtube casts perfectly, just any other tabs.
Kinda blows, worked fine previously, an no one anywhere seems to be addressing the issue.
andrew2163 said:
This is my exact issue.
It isn't the HDMI port, it isn't faulty, or else every device would show the pink hue. The dongle itself isn't broken or else everything would be pink and not just tabs that are cast, like cowsick said, Youtube casts perfectly, just any other tabs.
Kinda blows, worked fine previously, an no one anywhere seems to be addressing the issue.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Green, gray or magenta are often the sign of decoding "nothing" meaning the data didn't reach the destination in time.
I would look to network latency caused by network congestion between the PC and Chromecast (on a bandwidth-limited connection, or are there other network transfers going on in the background?) and to transcoding latency on the computer casting to Chromecast (how busy is the CPU?). Try reducing the resolution via the Cast extension settings.
For direct casting to Chromecast via native apps, Chromecast can buffer and negotiate connection speed as necessary. When it's getting a tab casted over, there's a constant stream of frames being generated, compressed and sent over that need to be decoded - all in reasonable sync with the PC.
For example, in the case of MPEG-2 for DVD, there are Presentation TimeStamps (PTS) and Decode TimeStamp (DTS). PTS determines when a frame should be display (ie, 0:09;13 should be displayed 9 seconds, 13 frames in) while DTS determines when the frame's data need to be retrieved and decoded. If a frame can't be retrieved by the decode time (for example, because of a disc read error) usually the player will simply hold the previous frame, so you'll see a pause. But if the player actually tries to decode the data (for example, in a video editing program), you can see a frame of mainly or solid green, gray or magenta - an empty frame caused by decoding "nothing."
RojasTKD and BurnOmatic are right that a similar effect can be seen if HDCP handshake is broken or interrupted - there's a "garbage" screen that appears until HDCP re-synchronizes, but as andres2163 and cowsick say, if that was the case it should happen for any Chromecast output, not just tab casting.
Fix: disable hardware accelaration
Disabling hardware acceleration fixes the issue.
For detailed instructions, go to:
HTML:
learnhill.com/technology/fix-pink-screen-when-casting-tabs-with-chromecast/

ErrorMsg: "Make sure your chromecast is nearby"

I got my Chromecast today, I'm not sure why i bought it already as i live in Sweden and i couldn't even get the app from Playstore.
But to my problem. My Chromecast is plugged in the TV. I get the bootscreen on the TV and I see my chromecast id.
In the app on my phone, I see the Chromecast and I can click it to connect to it. It disables the Wifi for a second or two and then turns it on again. I wait for a few seconds and then this pops up:
"Could not connect to your Chromecast. Make sure your Chromecast is nearby." - It's barely a meter behind me.. and I've tried to have the phone just next to it, no difference.
I've tried to factory reset it. Unplug and replug. Reconnected to the wifi on my phone.
The router is brand new and a good one at that. I have a hard time believing that the issue lies within the Router. It's a Asus RT-N65U.
It's kind of dumb as well that one has to go to random forums to get help. Google doesn't even put a contact form anywhere on their Chromecast page.
Pics:
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/71410276/Screenshot_2013-10-07-21-38-18.png
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/71410276/Screenshot_2013-10-07-21-40-17.png
gurkburk92 said:
I got my Chromecast today, I'm not sure why i bought it already as i live in Sweden and i couldn't even get the app from Playstore.
But to my problem. My Chromecast is plugged in the TV. I get the bootscreen on the TV and I see my chromecast id.
In the app on my phone, I see the Chromecast and I can click it to connect to it. It disables the Wifi for a second or two and then turns it on again. I wait for a few seconds and then this pops up:
"Could not connect to your Chromecast. Make sure your Chromecast is nearby." - It's barely a meter behind me.. and I've tried to have the phone just next to it, no difference.
I've tried to factory reset it. Unplug and replug. Reconnected to the wifi on my phone.
The router is brand new and a good one at that. I have a hard time believing that the issue lies within the Router. It's a Asus RT-N65U.
It's kind of dumb as well that one has to go to random forums to get help. Google doesn't even put a contact form anywhere on their Chromecast page.
Pics:
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/71410276/Screenshot_2013-10-07-21-38-18.png
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/71410276/Screenshot_2013-10-07-21-40-17.png
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The setup process doesn't involve your router or home network at all. The issue is either with your phone or the Chromecast itself. Try running the setup from a different device (I believe you can do it from a computer). If that doesn't work, the Chromecast is probably faulty.
tchebb said:
The setup process doesn't involve your router or home network at all. The issue is either with your phone or the Chromecast itself. Try running the setup from a different device (I believe you can do it from a computer). If that doesn't work, the Chromecast is probably faulty.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have connected the Chromecast to my stationary PC, would that work? or should i try plugging it into a laptop ?
gurkburk92 said:
I have connected the Chromecast to my stationary PC, would that work? or should i try plugging it into a laptop ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Any computer with Wi-Fi will work. Just visit this page from within Chrome and follow its instructions.
tchebb said:
Any computer with Wi-Fi will work. Just visit this page from within Chrome and follow its instructions.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Got it set up now. Used a laptop to set it up. Thanks for the help.

Chromecast all of a sudden disappeared

I don't get it, it was working just fine the other day... now I can't grrr my Chromecast to show up.
I've tried switching it to my other hdmi input with no success.
The light on the Chromecast is what looks to be on with a very rapid white blink... or it is actually just solid, can't really tell.
I've also unplugged and replugged my router and modern, still nothing...
Sigh, anyone else having issues?
It also does show up in my Chromecast app on the phone, just isn't working And coming on my tv.
Also, I verified the hdmi port works by switching my dvr box to the sane one the Chromecast was on.
Any thoughts?
I'm still new at this but I fixed one of my hangups recently by restarting my mobile device.
It's not showing up on the tv though... I think it's unrelated.
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
h20wakebum said:
I don't get it, it was working just fine the other day... now I can't grrr my Chromecast to show up.
I've tried switching it to my other hdmi input with no success.
The light on the Chromecast is what looks to be on with a very rapid white blink... or it is actually just solid, can't really tell.
I've also unplugged and replugged my router and modern, still nothing...
Sigh, anyone else having issues?
It also does show up in my Chromecast app on the phone, just isn't working And coming on my tv.
Also, I verified the hdmi port works by switching my dvr box to the sane one the Chromecast was on.
Any thoughts?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It should be a mid-paced blink, definitely visible on and off states, maybe 2-3 Hz?
Check your router's DHCP assignments to see if Chromecast got an IP.
Also check WiFi access points - if your Chromecast isn't connected to your WiFi network anymore, it will start broadcasting its own signal as Chromecast1234 etc.
h20wakebum said:
I don't get it, it was working just fine the other day... now I can't grrr my Chromecast to show up.
I've tried switching it to my other hdmi input with no success.
The light on the Chromecast is what looks to be on with a very rapid white blink... or it is actually just solid, can't really tell.
I've also unplugged and replugged my router and modern, still nothing...
Sigh, anyone else having issues?
It also does show up in my Chromecast app on the phone, just isn't working And coming on my tv.
Also, I verified the hdmi port works by switching my dvr box to the sane one the Chromecast was on.
Any thoughts?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I was getting a "blinking" white LED for "sure" on mine but the TV was also showing that it had to setup again but I was unable. Tried the extender and it reconnected by itself, removed the extender which only worked for a few days. Got a HDMI 90 degree adapter and never had the issue again, so far!
(delete)
Well I think the unit somehow died. The weird thing is that my phone Chromecast app shows the devicE... but my tv will not display anything when I go to that hdmi input. I'm going to send it back to Amazon. This is SO weird
Sent from my Nexus 5 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
h20wakebum said:
Well I think the unit somehow died. The weird thing is that my phone Chromecast app shows the devicE... but my tv will not display anything when I go to that hdmi input. I'm going to send it back to Amazon. This is SO weird
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you haven't already boxed it, try unplugging and replugging it on the TV's HDMI (with the TV on) in case there's some timing mismatch or something.
bhiga said:
If you haven't already boxed it, try unplugging and replugging it on the TV's HDMI (with the TV on) in case there's some timing mismatch or something.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I had tried unplugging/plugging multiple times with TV on and no luck.
h20wakebum said:
I had tried unplugging/plugging multiple times with TV on and no luck.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you try re-running the setup program?
Asphyx said:
Did you try re-running the setup program?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can't... when i do so on the android app and it says check your TV for the code, the TV on that hdmi input has no signal.
Got my replacement unit and it works just fine.
I'm guessing my old one got borked while updating.
After my CC updated itself to Build 14651, it no longer works with my Yamaha AVR. The CC connects to the network, and I can see it in the Chromecast app, but the screen on the TV connected to my AVR goes black, as I explained here:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=48445263&posted=1#post48445263
Have you tried unplugging your CC from your HDMI port, then rebooting it (pulling and then reattaching the USB power) while the CC remains unplugged from the HDMI port? Once the CC's LED goes from various states of red to a solid white, plug the CC back into the HDMI port. That works for me.
My other two CCs are still on Build 13000, and they work just fine with my Yamaha AVR.
It's there away to do a hard reset? Try reinstall the software....just a thought.
Sent from my C6802 using Tapatalk

Chromecast YouTube Underwater Sounding

Hello all,
This is my first post on XDA Dev.
I bought a Chromecast last week and plugged it in and set it all up. So far I am well impressed with it except for 1 thing. When I go to cast from YouTube either via my phone, tablet or laptop to my TV it sounds like the people are under water. When I cast my chrome browser tab with YouTube loaded and enlarge the video it sounds perfect.
I just cant quite get my head around why its doing this. All other apps like BBC iPlayer work a charm with no problems whatsoever.
I've powered things down, tried to plug into different HDMI ports, tried different power sockets and USB ports but still it's the same.
Any ideas chaps?
thanks.
Have you tried completely resetting the Chromecast recently, via your laptop I believe?
Sent from my Galaxy S5
Hi there,
I have reset the thing numerous times from using the button to using my phone and laptop. Still no joy.
Does the chromecast depend on certain TV drivers / firmware? I must admit I have never updated my TV since getting it and do not even know if there are any new downloads for it to be honest.
The TV I have is a Samsung UE55B7000 and the firmware that I am using is T-CHU7DEUC-2009.0 (so quite old)
Cheers

Chromecast Logo shows Up, then blackscreen (also FireTV)

Hello everyone
I'm desperately trying so solve a problem I'm having now for a few days.
I've got an older Samsung smart tv (think it's from 2012 - Model D5700)
Everything works like charm. My PC is plugged in, I can watch movies from a hard drive etc.
But when i plug in a Chromecast (2nd gen) and a firetv Stick I only see a boot Logo and after that a Black screen on 1080p (no "no signal")
I've already tried factory resets on every device, every HDMI port, plugging in with HDMI extender, without extender, with HDMI switch, directly into TV, multiple resets at the same time with every device.
I've also tried multiple power adapters and using the Chromecast/FireTV on a different device. (Both devices are working like a charm)
I've entered the TVs Service Menu and did a factory reset. Also I checked if the TV is showing some errors.
Can anyone help me with this problem?
I can't understand why the TV is not able to get a picture from the Chromecast. It's super illogical for me.
You don't know how thankful I would be when someone is helping me to solve this issue.
Have a great day
Kind regards
Tog
Togic said:
I can't understand why the TV is not able to get a picture from the Chromecast. It's super illogical for me.
You don't know how thankful I would be when someone is helping me to solve this issue.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I had the exact same problem with a Chromecast Ultra. I tried everything, other TVs, other powersources, monitors, AV receivers, even dissembled it to clean HDMI contacts and whatnot. From what I read elsewhere and my own experience, once you have the black screen after G logo, your Chromecast is irreversibly dead.
Sorry to say it, but it's the truth.
Your display likely doesn't have [new enough] HDCP support.
JamesAb said:
I had the exact same problem with a Chromecast Ultra. I tried everything, other TVs, other powersources, monitors, AV receivers, even dissembled it to clean HDMI contacts and whatnot. From what I read elsewhere and my own experience, once you have the black screen after G logo, your Chromecast is irreversibly dead.
Sorry to say it, but it's the truth.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have the same problem, and tried all the steps to resolve. But in addition, I plugged in the Chromecast into another TV and it worked perfectly, so the Chromecast is not be dead in my case.
The issue - for me at least - is that the screen is black but the sound is fine, so I can still cast Netflix/YouTube/etc but there is no video displayed, just a blank screen.
My guess is that there was a TV software update and this has caused the problem, but I don't know for sure; it's frustrating, as I only use the TV to cast to.
If it helps, the issue first started on 26 AUG 2022 and the TV is a SAMSUNG UE32J5100. I've contacted Google and Samsung separately to see if they come up with anything.
I'll post an update if I find out anything else.
mrdaviedoo said:
I have the same problem, and tried all the steps to resolve. But in addition, I plugged in the Chromecast into another TV and it worked perfectly, so the Chromecast is not be dead in my case.
The issue - for me at least - is that the screen is black but the sound is fine, so I can still cast Netflix/YouTube/etc but there is no video displayed, just a blank screen.
My guess is that there was a TV software update and this has caused the problem, but I don't know for sure; it's frustrating, as I only use the TV to cast to.
If it helps, the issue first started on 26 AUG 2022 and the TV is a SAMSUNG UE32J5100. I've contacted Google and Samsung separately to see if they come up with anything.
I'll post an update if I find out anything else.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
UPDATE: Samsung have suggested the problem is hardware related, basically the TV is knackered. So, in my case, the fix is to buy a new TV!
Not the answer I wanted but I have to lump it.
mrdaviedoo said:
UPDATE: Samsung have suggested the problem is hardware related, basically the TV is knackered. So, in my case, the fix is to buy a new TV!
Not the answer I wanted but I have to lump it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have an apology to make. Despite doing everything I thought I could to fix the problem I neglected the most obvious and fundamental thing....
UNPLUG THE TV AT THE MAINS FOR 60 SECS AND PLUG IT BACK IN!
And now the problem is completely solved. Once again, my sincerest apologies but I hope this helps others.

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